女性管理人员焦虑、抑郁倾向调查及影响因素分析  

Survey on anxiety and depression tendency and influencing factor analysis among female managers

作　　者：顾轶婷 寇振霞[2] 于常艳[1] GU Yiting;KOU Zhenxia;YU Changyan(National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050 [2]甘肃省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2024年第3期213-218,257,共7页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：职业卫生所青年基金—职业压力对妊娠等待时间影响的调查与分析不同;2020年度甘肃省自然科学基金项目—有机溶剂暴露对女工生殖健康损伤的影响研究(20JR10RA421)。

摘　　要：目的调查4个行业女性管理人员焦虑、抑郁倾向及其影响因素,并分析应对方式在职业压力对女性管理人员焦虑、抑郁倾向的中介效应。方法于2020年6-9月对4239名医疗、教育、金融、通信行业女性管理人员进行横断面问卷调查。采用卡方检验、多因素logistic回归分析女性管理人员焦虑、抑郁倾向及其影响因素。以职业压力为自变量,焦虑、抑郁为观察变量,应对方式为中介变量,AMOS建立中介效应模型,对假设效应路径进行模型拟合,用SPSS进行协变量控制后的中介效应Bootstrap检验。结果有职业压力女性管理人员焦虑、抑郁倾向风险较高,差异有统计学意义OR(95%CI)分别为4.552(3.163~6.553)和4.623(3.683~5.804),均P<0.01。与医疗行业比较,金融行业女性管理人员焦虑、抑郁倾向风险较高,OR(95%CI)分别为2.241(1.630~3.080)和1.632(1.322~2.015)。硕士及以上学历、个人年收入6万以上是女性管理人员焦虑倾向的保护因素;年龄>35岁是女性管理人员抑郁倾向的保护因素。应对方式在职业压力对女性管理人员焦虑、抑郁倾向中起部分中介效应,间接效应值分别为0.066(95%CI:0.056~0.076)、0.157(95%CI:0.137~0.178),中介效应占比分别为24.26%和21.72%。结论职业压力是女性管理人员焦虑、抑郁倾向发生的危险因素,应对方式在职业压力对女性管理人员焦虑、抑郁倾向中起部分中介作用。Objective To investigate the anxiety and depression tendency and influencing factors of female managers in four industries and to analyze the mediating effect of coping style on the relationship between occupational stress,anxiety and depression in female managers.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from June to September 2020 among 4239 female managers in the healthcare,education,finance,and communication industries.The Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of anxiety and depression in female managers.Using occupational stress as the independent variable,anxiety,and depression as the dependent variables,coping style as the mediating variable,AMOS was used to establish a mediation model.The SPSS macro Process was employed for covariate control,followed by a Bootstrap test of the mediation effect.Results Female managers experiencing occupational stress were at a higher risk of anxiety and depression,with OR(95%CI)of 4.552(3.163-6.553)and 4.623(3.683-5.804),respectively,both were statistically significant(P<0.01).Compared to the medical industry,female managers in the financial industry exhibited a higher risk of anxiety and depression tendency,with OR(95%CI)of 2.241(1.630-3.080)and 1.632(1.322-2.015),respectively.Master's degree or higher and personal annual income of over 60000 were identified as protective factors against anxiety tendency among female managers,while being over the age of 35 was a protective factor against depression tendency.Coping style partially mediated the relationship between occupational stress,anxiety and depression tendency in female managers,with indirect effect values of 0.066(95%CI:0.056-0.076)and 0.157(95%CI:0.137-0.178)respectively.The proportions of mediating effects were 24.26%and 21.72%,respectively.Conclusion Occupational stress is a risk factor for anxiety and depression tendencies in female managers,and coping strategies partially mediate the relationship between occupational stress and anxiety and dep

关 键 词：女性管理人员 职业压力 焦虑倾向 抑郁倾向 应对方式 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]