职业压力在工作时长对银行女职工焦虑抑郁状况影响的中介效应分析  

The mediating effect of occupational stress on the relationship between working hours and anxiety-depression symptoms in female bank employees

作　　者：于常艳[1] 辛佳芮 徐茗[1] 俞文兰[1] 张美辨 李雪霏 YU Changyan;XIN Jiarui;XU Ming;YU Wenlan;ZHANG Meibian;LI Xuefei(National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2024年第3期233-238,共6页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：社科基金人口学项目—现代职业模式对妇女生育力的影响及对策研究(18BRK038)。

摘　　要：目的研究职业压力在工作时长对银行女职工焦虑抑郁影响的中介效应。方法于2020年6-9月在全国28省(市),对20271名银行女职工周均工作时长、职业压力、焦虑抑郁倾向及其影响因素进行横断面问卷调查,包括人口学特征、工作特征,焦虑抑郁倾向、职业压力及其他影响因素。采用方差分析、相关性分析、多元线性回归分析工作时长对焦虑抑郁状况的影响;AMOS结构化方程路径分析、Bootstrap中介效应分析职业压力在工作时长对银行女职工焦虑抑郁状况影响的路径和效应值。结果周均工作时长≥50 h的银行女职工占43.56%,西南地区比例较高;多元线性回归分析显示,工作时长与银行女职工焦虑、抑郁状况相关,β(95%CI)分别为0.379(0.314~0.445)、0.806(0.686~0.926)(P<0.05)。路径分析及中介效应分析显示,职业压力在工作时长对银行女职工焦虑抑郁状况影响中起中介作用,效应值占比分别为58.92%和63.18%。结论周均工作时长与银行女职工焦虑抑郁倾向显著相关,职业压力作为中介变量影响女职工心理健康状况。Objective To investigate the mediating effect of occupational stress on the relationship between working hours and anxiety and depression in female bank employees.Methods From June to September 2020,a crosssectional questionnaire survey was conducted in 28 provinces(cities)across the country,involving 20271 female bank employees.The survey collected data on average weekly working hours,occupational stress,anxiety and depression,and other factors,including demographic characteristics and job characteristics.Variance analysis,correlation analysis,and multiple linear regression analysis were used to examine the impact of working hours on anxiety and depression symptoms.Structural equation path analysis,AMOS and bootstrap mediation analysis were conducted to explore the pathways and effects of occupational stress on the relationship between working hours and anxiety and depression symptoms in female bank employees.Results The percentage of female bank employees with an average weekly working hours≥50 h is43.56%,with a higher proportion in the southwest region.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that working hours were significantly correlated with anxiety and depression in female bank employees,withβ(95%CI):0.379(0.314 to0.445)and 0.806(0.686 to 0.926),respectively(P<0.05).Path analysis and mediating analysis showed that occupational stress played a mediating role in the relationship between working hours and anxiety and depression symptoms in female bank employees,with mediating effect proportions of 58.92%and 63.18%,respectively.Conclusions Working hours are significantly correlated with anxiety and depression in female bank employees,and occupational stress acts as a mediating effect in influencing their mental health.

关 键 词：工作时长 焦虑抑郁 中介效应 女职工 路径分析 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]