基于相位校正的分布式光纤大探测孔径多维定位  

Distributed Optical Fiber Multi⁃Dimensional Localization with LargeDetection Aperture Based on Phase Correction

作　　者：杨竣淇 王照勇[1,2,3,4] 刘依凡 帅禄玮 高侃 叶青[1,2,3] 蔡海文[2] Yang Junqi;Wang Zhaoyong;Liu Yifan;Shuai Luwei;Gao Kan;Ye Qing;Cai Haiwen(Key Laboratory of Space Laser Communication and Detection Technology,Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201800,China;Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Shanghai Zhongke Shenguang Optoelecronic Industry Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201815,China;Shanghai Sheshan National Geophysical Observatory,Shanghai 201602,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所空间激光传输与探测技术重点实验室,上海201800 [2]中国科学院大学材料与光电研究中心,北京100049 [3]上海中科神光光电产业有限公司,上海201815 [4]上海佘山地球物理国家野外科学观测研究站,上海201602

出　　处：《中国激光》2024年第8期206-213,共8页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFC1522901);国家自然科学基金(61905262,62175246);中国科学院青年创新促进会人才项目(YIPA2023257);上海市青年科技启明星计划(22QB1406000);上海佘山国家地球物理观测站项目(SSOP202201)。

摘　　要：分布式光纤多维定位对于周界安防、地震速报、目标跟踪等应用有着十分重要的意义。地震源或空气中声源波长与光纤探测孔径为同一量级,光纤传感通道无法对波场进行密集采样,难以实现精准定位。为了消除光纤大探测孔径对目标源多维定位的影响,提出了一种基于相位校正的分布式光纤大探测孔径多维定位方法。首先建立了光纤传感通道对目标源的响应模型,分析了光纤阵列相位误差来源,根据目标源预估计位置对光纤阵列采样信号进行相位校正;然后对校正后的信号进行空间谱估计并采用多次迭代降低定位误差。现场初步实验结果表明,所提方法能够有效实现对目标源的二维定位,定位结果与实际测量位置的误差为1.1 m。该方法可用于既有光缆,提高了分布式光纤传感系统在实际应用中的定位能力。Objective Distributed acoustic sensing(DAS)has been widely applied in railway safety monitoring,perimeter security,seismology,and other fields.The high precision target source multi-dimensional localization is important for these applications.However,most implementations of DAS provide the position of detected sources as a function of distance within the one-dimensional axial space along the sensing fiber,and the transversal distance between the detected sources and the sensing fiber is unclear,which hinders the process of DAS practical applications.The current target source localization methods can be divided into two categories:one is based on time difference of arrival(TDOA)algorithm,and the other is based on array signal processing(ASP)method.The ASP methods include beamforming and spatial spectrum estimation.The positioning accuracy of TDOA algorithm is poor,and the beamforming method often requires high signal-to-noise ratio,large array aperture,and a priori knowledge of the environmental noise and target source which is difficult to obtain accurately.The spatial spectrum estimation method is based on the orthogonal property of signal subspace and noise subspace,and has high estimation accuracy and angle resolution.Cao et al.used multiple signal classification(MUSIC)algorithm to locate the underwater near-field target source with an error of 0.7 m,and the ratio of signal wavelength to detection aperture was 25∶1.Liang et al.realized sound source location in the air medium by wrapping the optical fiber densely around the cylindrical cavity structure,and the ratio of signal wavelength to detection aperture was 100∶1.In these studies,the channel detection aperture is much smaller than the signal wavelength and sensor can be regarded as a point sensor.However,DAS is limited by the spatial resolution,and the single-channel detection aperture of the existing optical cable is 10 m,which is comparable with the target signal wavelength,so it is difficult to directly use the spatial spectrum estimation method to

关 键 词：光纤光学 分布式声波传感 阵列信号处理 目标定位 

分 类 号：O436[机械工程—光学工程]