种子耐低温萌发生理特性及分子机制研究进展  

Research progress on the physiology and molecular mechanism of low-temperature stress tolerance during seed germination

作　　者：雷蕾 周熙荣[1] 王伟荣[1] 朱吉风 LEI Lei;ZHoU Xirong;WANG Weirong;ZHU Jifeng(Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement of Grain and Oil Crops(Co-construction by Ministry and Province),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部粮油作物种质创新与遗传改良重点实验室(部省共建),上海市农业科学院作物育种栽培研究所,上海201403

出　　处：《植物生理学报》2024年第4期617-634,共18页Plant Physiology Journal

基　　金：上海市青年科技英才扬帆计划(23YF1439500)。

摘　　要：低温显著抑制种子萌发,降低幼苗质量,最终造成产量严重损失。种子在低温胁迫下发生一系列生理及代谢的变化,包括抗氧化酶(过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶等)活性及非酶抗氧化物质(抗坏血酸、谷胱甘肽、类黄酮)、渗透调节物质、植物内源激素等代谢物含量的变化。种子低温萌发是受多个基因控制的复杂数量性状,研究者已在多个作物中鉴定到种子低温萌发数量性状基因位点(QTL),但种子低温萌发关键响应基因及表达调控机理解析方面的研究仍相当匮乏。本文综述了目前在种子耐低温萌发生理特性、QTL/基因定位及基因克隆、分子响应机制等方面已取得的研究进展,并对该领域未来研究方向进行了展望,以期为该领域的科研人员全面了解和深入研究种子耐低温萌发抗性机制及耐低温品种培育提供理论参考。Low temperature significantly inhibits the germination of seeds,which reduces seedling quality and ultimately causes severe yield losses.Low-temperature stress involves a series of physiological and metabolic changes,including the activities of antioxidant enzymes(catalase,superoxide dismutase and peroxidase)and the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants(ascorbic acid,glutathione and flavonoids),os-motic substances as well as endogenous phytohormone in seed.Low-temperature germination(LTG)is a complex agronomic trait controlled by multiple genes,and numerous low-temperature-tolerance quantita-tive trait loci(QTLs)have been identified in many crop species.However,the key genes associated with low-temperature germination and molecular mechanisms response to low temperature during germination are little known.In this review,we systematically summarize the research progress made in the physiologi-cal characteristics,QTL mapping/gene localization,gene cloning and molecular mechanism of seed resis-tance to low-temperature germination,and gives an outlook on the future research direction in this field,with a view to providing theoretical references for the researchers in this field to comprehensively understand and thoroughly study the mechanism of seed resistance to low-temperature germination and the cultivation of low-temperature-tolerant varieties.

关 键 词：低温萌发 生理抗性 数量性状基因位点(QTL) 分子机制 

分 类 号：Q945.34[生物学—植物学]