鲁滨孙的中国漂流与笛福的重商主义  

Robinson Crusoe's Adventures in China and Defoe's Mercantilism

作　　者：陈西军 Chen Xijun(School of Foreign Languages,Central China Norn University,Wuhan,Hubei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学外国语学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《外国文学》2024年第3期24-35,共12页Foreign Literature

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“18世纪亚欧文学交流互鉴研究”(21&ZD278)。

摘　　要：英国在中英瓷器贸易中流失了大量的白银,违背了笛福的重商主义原则,使他对中国瓷器产生了抵触情绪。中国瓷器生产代表着与重商主义相对立的土地经济思想;土地经济在现实上阻碍了英国对中国的贸易,在思想上威胁了英国的重商主义。时值代表土地经济的托利党与代表重商主义的辉格党在经济路线上争论不休,为了捍卫光荣革命开始确立的重商主义,笛福通过鲁滨孙的中国漂流揭示了土地经济带给中国的科技落后、经济贫困、生活愚昧以及政治上的农业父权主义等问题,借此抨击托利党的土地经济政策。因此,鲁滨孙对中国的批评是笛福捍卫重商主义的一部分。The porcelain trade between England and China incurred significant bullion expenses for England,which was a violation of Defoe's mercantilist principles,prompting his opposition to Chinese porcelain.The production of Chinese porcelain epitomized a land-based economy,in direct contrast to the labor-centered Mercantilism.It was the land-based economy that hindered the trade between England and China,and threatened the Mercantilism won in the Glorious Revolution.Amidst the Controversy between the land-based economy of the Tory and the mercantilist stance of the Whigs,Defoe made use of Robinson Crusoe's adventures in China to criticize the Tory's land-based economy through revealing its scientific backwardness,economic poverty,people's ignorance,and agrarian paternalism.Thus,Crusoe's criticism of China forms part of Defoe's defense of British Mercantilism.

关 键 词：重商主义 土地经济 中国 《鲁滨孙漂流记》 笛福 

分 类 号：I561[文学—其他各国文学]