王尔德式反抗:《社会主义制度下人的灵魂》中的个人主义、艺术与爱尔兰  

Wildean Resistance:Individualism,Art and Ireland in"The Soul of Man under Socialism"

作　　者：陈智颖 Chen Zhiying(School of Foreign Languages,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学外国语学院,北京100081

出　　处：《外国文学》2024年第3期36-47,共12页Foreign Literature

基　　金：北京理工大学青年教师学术启动计划(3240012222307)。

摘　　要：19世纪末期社会主义思潮风靡英国,受此影响的王尔德发表了《社会主义制度下人的灵魂》,指出社会主义是通向个人主义的途径,并赋予艺术个人主义式的反权威内核,从而使其艺术化的批判矛头直指作为英国社会权威的资本主义意识形态。该文发表后不久,王尔德意识到格兰特·艾伦所论的装饰艺术复兴中与英格兰文化霸权形成抗衡之势的凯尔特精神正是自己已然论及却有待言明的关键。就此而言,王尔德探索的艺术化反抗新模式既广泛适用于下层阶级对资产阶级权威的反抗,又可特别运用于处于劣势的爱尔兰民众对英格兰霸权的反抗,而这一王尔德式反抗也揭示出同时期流行于英国的装饰艺术、个人主义与社会主义思潮共享的紧密而隐秘的爱尔兰联结。Influenced by the socialist wave in the late 19th century Britain,Oscar Wilde published"The Soul of Man under Socialism."In this essay,Wilde misinterpreted socialism as a path to individualism and endowed art with an individualistic,anti-authoritarian core,directing his artistic critique squarely at the capitalist ideology,which served as the authority in British society.Shortly after the publication,Wilde realized that the Celtic spirit,as discussed by Grant Allen in the context of the decorative revival,was the key element he had already alluded but had yet to explicitly articulate.In this regard,Wilde's artistic resistance offered a new model that could be applied broadly to the resistance against capitalist authority and,in particular,to Irish people's resistance against English hegemony.Such Wildean resistance revealed a close and covert Irish connection shared among decorative arts,individualism,and the socialist wave that prevailed in Britain concurrently.

关 键 词：王尔德 个人主义 装饰艺术 凯尔特精神 爱尔兰自治运动 

分 类 号：I561[文学—其他各国文学]