约翰逊《家母正常》中去机构化养老的叙事实验  

Experimental Narrative of Institutional Care in B.S.Johnson's House Mother Vormal

作　　者：苏忱[1] Su Chen(School of International Studies,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学外国语学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《外国文学》2024年第3期48-60,共13页Foreign Literature

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题“当代英国小说中的老龄化问题书写研究”(22NDJC046YB)。

摘　　要：约翰逊1971年发表的小说《家母正常》是20世纪60年代英国“去机构化”运动背景下的一部叙事实验作品,旨在真实再现衰老历程和机构化养老弊端。作家独创的模仿性文体将句法、排版和标点符号作为文本中介,由此展现衰老的内在变化,并通过模仿性的文体形式建构读者与书中老人之间的共情联系,以艺术的滑稽戏仿呼应了同时期汤森和戈夫曼等学者对英国福利机构的批评。小说的叙事实验解构了20世纪60年代英国养老机构所宣扬的“家庭性”假象,暴露了英国养老机构对老人的身体和话语的规训,深刻揭示了英国养老机构在老年歧视形成中的作用,并展现了创新的文学叙事是抵抗老年歧视的有效途径。B.S.Johnson's 1971 novel,House Mother Normal,experiments with narrative in the context of the British"deinstitutionalization"of the 196Os.It aims to represent the truth of ageing and the drawbacks of institutionalized elderly care.The novel's mimetic style,with its abnormal syntax,typography,and punctuation as textual mediators,not only displays the inherent changes of ageing but also establishes readers'empathy with the elderly characters through its form.Johnson's narrative further echoes Townsend's and Goffman's criticism of British welfare institutions by deconstructing the artificial"domesticity"promoted by the Welfare State and exposing the physical and discursive discipline of the elderly in residential care.Johnson's novel,therefore,reveals how British elderly care institutions exacerbated ageism,and demonstrates that innovative literary narratives are an effective means of resisting ageism.

关 键 词：《家母正常》 叙事实验 机构化养老 去机构化运动 老年歧视 

分 类 号：I561[文学—其他各国文学]