论斋藤幸平的“去增长”的共产主义理论  

On Kohei Saito's“De-growth”Theory of Communism

作　　者：王雨辰[1] 胡桁 WANG Yuchen;HU Heng(School of Philosophy,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学哲学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第3期1-10,共10页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“党的十八大以来党领导生态文明建设的理论创新与实践经验研究”(22AZD090);中央高校基本科研业务费项目“美丽中国建设的生态哲学阐释与实现路径研究”(2722023DD001)。

摘　　要：斋藤幸平指认“帝国式生活方式”是“人类世”气候危机的根源,强调北方国家是通过技术性转嫁、空间性转嫁和时间性转嫁三种形式,掠夺发展中国家的资源,转嫁生态危机,以维系其“帝国式生活方式”的。他认为西方思想家提出的应对气候危机的“绿色新政”无法真正解决经济增长与“行星边界”的矛盾、经济增长与“碳排放”脱钩的关系、降低自然资源的耗费这三个核心问题,因而不是应对气候危机的有效途径。通过对马克思思想发展历程的考察,斋藤幸平认为马克思的思想经历了信奉生产力至上主义和欧洲中心主义历史观的青年时期、生态学转向的《资本论》时期和晚年生态学笔记的生态学深化时期,指出马克思生态学的核心是提出了人与自然的“物质代谢”概念,指认资本主义制度造成了人与自然之间的“物质代谢”关系的中断,并运用他所理解的马克思的生态学,对当代资本主义进行了生态批判,认为只有建立“去增长”的共产主义社会,才能真正克服气候危机。斋藤幸平的理论具有生态学马克思主义的理论共性,但他在对马克思的生态学思想的考察上,在对“去增长”的共产主义社会的论述上又有其理论个性。斋藤幸平的生态学马克思主义理论对于推进我国的生态文明理论研究和生态文明建设实践具有重要价值。Kohei Saito identifies the“imperial mode of living”as the root cause of the climate crisis in the Anthropocene,and emphasizes that the Northem countries maintain their“imperial mode of living”by plundering the resources of developing countries and transferring the ecological crisis through the three forms of technological trans-fer,spatial transfer,and temporal transfer.He thinks the“Green New Deal”proposed by Western thinkers in response to the climate crisis fails to genuinely resolve the contradiction between economic growth and“planetary boundaries,”the decoupling of economic growth and“carbon emissions,”and the inability to reduce the consumption of natural resources,therefore,they are not an effective way to deal with the climate crisis.By examining the de-velopment of Marx's thought,he argues that Marx's thought went through a period of youth in which he believed in the supremacy of productive forces and a Eurocentric view of history,a period of the ecological turn in Das Kapital,and a period of the deepening of ecological research in his later ecological notebooks.And he points out that the core of Marx's ecology is the concept of“material metabolism”,and that the capitalist system has caused an inter-ruption of the“material metabolism”relationship between man and nature.Using what he understands as Marx's ecology,he develops an ecological critique of contemporary capitalism,arguing that only a“degrowth”communist society can truly overcome the climate crisis.Kohei Saito's theory has the theoretical commonality of ecological Marxism,but he also has his theoretical individuality in his examination of Marx's ecological thought and his discussion of a“de-growth”communist society.Kohei Saito's theory of ecological Marxism is of great value in promoting the theoretical study of ecological civilization and the practice of ecological civilization construction in China.

关 键 词：斋藤幸平 帝国式生活方式 马克思的生态学 “去增长”的共产主义 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]