从“欧化”到“中国化”:茅盾论如何学习文学的“民族形式”  

From“Europeanization”to“Chineseization”:MAO Dun on How to Learn the“National Form”of Literature

作　　者：朱军 ZHU Jun(College of Humanities,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文学院,上海200234

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第3期22-32,共11页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“近现代‘中国文艺复兴’话语考论”(21BZW060)。

摘　　要：“民族形式”论争被视作“中国现代三次学术论战”之一,茅盾是其重要参与者,他的作品也是被公认的“民族形式”的代表。作为“同路人”的茅盾有关“如何学习文学的‘民族形式’”的思考有误置更有调适,尤具历史价值。茅盾延续了鲁迅、瞿秋白的思考,但并不赞成文艺大众化和“民族形式”论争中对“五四”的极端否定,而能在检讨“欧化”中有力捍卫白话文运动与启蒙精神。茅盾在以“文艺复兴”和“宋代近世论”观照“五四”上与胡适等人有所共鸣,但主张立足于更广大的社会视野,从政治经济阶层的变迁和社会生产方式的底层找寻文化生成基础,并据此反驳“民间形式”中心源泉论,更希望从不朽、古典的市民文学中学习“民族形式”。在反思市民浪漫文艺的基础上,茅盾进而提出创造充实、壮健与美丽的民族文学形式,与1930—1940年代民族文艺复兴思潮相呼应,提倡理智与情感、理想与浪漫的统一,代表一种具有新古典风格的现实主义在中国的兴起,推动了新文艺从“欧化”向“中国化”的转变。The“national form”controversy is considered one of the“three academic debates in modern China”,in which MAO Dun was an important participant,and his works are also recognized as representatives of the“national form”.As a“fellow traveler”,MAO Dun's thinking about“how to learn the‘national form'of literature”is in a way misplaced and even adapted,which is especially of historical value.MAO Dun continued the thinking of LU Xun and QU Qiubai,but he did not agree with the extreme denial of the“May Fourth Movement”in the debate on the popularization of literature and art and the“national form”.He was able to vigorously defend the vernacular lan-guage movement and the spirit of enlightenment in the review of“Europeanization”.He shared the views with HU Shi and others on looking at the“May Fourth Movement”through“Renaissance”and“Song Dynasty Modernism”,but argued for being grounded in a broader social perspective,looking for the basis of cultural generation from the changes in political and economic class and the bottom of social production mode,and accordingly refuting the theory of“folk form”as the central source,and hoping to learn the“national form”from the immortal and classical civic literature.On the basis of reflecting on the civic romance literature,MAO Dun went on to propose the creation of a full,robust and beautiful national literary form,echoing the national renaissance trend of the 1930s and 1940s,and advocating the unity of reason and emotion,the ideal and the romantic,representing the rise of realism with neo-classical style in China,and promoting the transition from“Europeanization”to“Chineseization”of the new literature and art.

关 键 词：“民族形式”论争 茅盾 市民文学 中国风格 

分 类 号：I206.6[文学—中国文学] I209