茅盾文学批评话语的历史生成——以新文学书评为视角  

The Historical Evolution of MAO Dun's Literary Criticism Discourse:An Examination from the Lens of New Literary Reviews

作　　者：陈树萍 顾金春[1] CHEN Shuping;GU Jinchun(School of Literature,Nantong University,Nantong 226019,China)

机构地区：[1]南通大学文学院,江苏南通226019

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第3期33-42,共10页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“新文学书评资料整理与研究”(20BZW136)。

摘　　要：1949年之前,茅盾的文学实践主要有三种方式,即编辑活动、小说创作和文学批评,其新文学史观的建构与批评话语的生成皆有赖于此。作为及时性文学批评的重要形式,书评清晰展现了茅盾文学观的动态生成。以新文学书评为视角,可见在从“沈雁冰”渐变为“茅盾”的过程中,有三个问题相互牵连映照,共同形塑其生动的文学批评。一是身处新文学诞生期的沈雁冰基于《小说月报》编辑而产生的责任意识与书评之初试。“引导”与“初创”是这一时期的关键词。二是茅盾作为“文学者”的特别之处:由文学批评而至小说创作。在其文学批评成熟过程中,处女作《蚀》三部曲让他从被评者的角度充分领会批评话语的威力与其内在新生力量;钱杏邨对茅盾的批评经历了由书评至作家论的过程,其不断增强的阶级话语对茅盾产生了重要影响。在评与被评的双重视域转换中,茅盾的文学观念与创作都得到了淬炼。三是1927年之后的茅盾先后以《文学》与《文艺阵地》为主要阵地,在“为时而作”的时代情绪驱动中,为大量新作尤其是左翼文学作品积极作评,其书评既具有鲜明的审美风格又彰显了强烈的民族、阶级抗争意识。作为一代文学巨匠,茅盾以大量的在场性书评砥砺着左翼文学的成长。Before 1949,MAO Dun's literary praxis primarily encompassed three modalities:editorial work,novelistic creation,and literary criticism,all pivotal for shaping his nascent literary perspective and engendering critical discourse.As a crucial facet of contemporaneous literary criticism,book reviews lucidly illuminate the fluid devel-opment of MAO Dun's literary ideology.Through the prism of new literary reviews,the transition from“SHEN Yanbing”to“MAO Dun”delineates three interrelated themes that symbiotically mold his dynamic literary criti-cism.Firstly,SHEN Yanbing's formative editorial tenure at Novel Monthly during the nascent phase of new literature instilled in him a sense of responsibility,manifest in his exploratory forays into book reviews,characterized by the pivotal notions of“Cuidance”and“Initial Creation”.Secondly,MAO Dun's distinctiveness as a“literary lu-minary”is underscored by his trajectory from literary criticism to novelistic creation.In the maturation of his literary criticism,the inception of his seminal trilogy,Erosion,epitomizes his profound comprehension of the potency and intrinsic vigor of critical discourse from the vantage point of the critiques.QIAN Xingcun's critique of MAO Dun traversed the trajectory from book reviews to authorial discourse,thereby amplifying the resonance of class discourse and significantly influencing MAO Dun's oeuvre.Within the dialectical transformation of evaluation and reception,MAO Dun's literary ideologies and oeuvre were refined.Thirdly,after 1927,driven by the zeitgeist of"creating for the time",MAO Dun progressively utilized Literature and Literary Front as principal platforms,and actively engaged in the critiques of a large number of new works,particularly those of leftist orientation.His book reviews not only exude a discernible aesthetic finesse but also evoke a palpable sense of national and class struggle consciousness.As a towering literary figure of his era,MAO Dun,through his extensive corpus of contemporaneous book reviews,play

关 键 词：茅盾 文学批评话语 历史生成 新文学书评 

分 类 号：I206.6[文学—中国文学] I209