田野工作的观察、观察参与和参与观察中的观察参与  

On the Observation, Observant Participation, and Observant Participation in Participant Observation Methods within Field Work

作　　者：廖杨[1] LIAO Yang(School of Public Administration,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510642)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学公共管理学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《广东技术师范大学学报》2024年第2期44-50,共7页Journal of Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University

基　　金：教育部人文社科规划基金项目“港澳爱国主义与铸牢中华民族共同体意识的民族政治过程研究”(项目编号:22YJA850007);全国农业专业学位教指委项目“社会调查研究方法”(项目编号:2020-NYZY-24)。

摘　　要：田野工作中的观察、观察参与和参与观察有其特定内涵、限度和逻辑关联。由于人类学田野工作场域转换、角色转换和方法转换,研究者不仅需要观察,而且需要观察参与和参与观察,甚至要在观察参与中进行参与观察和在参与观察中进行观察参与。实际上,在田野资料的收集、整理分析和民族志文本写作过程中,研究者要适时切换观察位态和研究视角,灵活运用观察、观察参与、参与观察、观察参与中的参与观察和参与观察中的观察参与等方法,并综合运用其他方法,不可偏执其一。In field work,observation,observant participation,and participant observation all have specific connotations,dimensions,limitations,and logical correlations.Due to changes in the fieldwork setting,role transitions,and methodological shifts in anthropology,researchers not only need to observe,but also to engage in observant participation and participant observation.This may involve conducting participant observation within observant participation,or observant participation within participant observation.In fact,during the collection,organization,analysis of field data,and ethnographic writing,researchers need to switch their observation positions and research perspectives appropriately.They should flexibly employ various methods such as observation,observant participation,participant observation,participant observation within observant participation,and observant participation within participant observation.A comprehensive approach that integrates different methods is crucial,and researchers should avoid sticking to just one approach.

关 键 词：观察 观察参与 参与观察 田野工作方法 人类学研究 

分 类 号：C912.4[经济管理]