海珠区极端短时强降水的特征分析  

Characteristics Analysis of Extreme Short⁃term Heavy Precipitation in Haizhu District,Guangzhou

作　　者：王禹 张荣艳 陈炜杰 林中庆 黄启锋 朱洁斐 WANG Yu;ZHANG Rong-yan;CHEN Wei-jie;LIN Zhong-qing;HUANG Qi-feng;ZHU Jie-pei(Zhuhai District Guangzhou Meteorological Service,Guangzhou 510220;Taihe County Ji’an Meteorological Service,Ji’an,Jiangxi 343700)

机构地区：[1]广州市海珠区气象局,广东广州510220 [2]吉安市泰和县气象局,江西吉安343700

出　　处：《广东气象》2024年第3期41-44,共4页Guangdong Meteorology

基　　金：2023年广州市气象学会青年基金项目“海珠区极端短时强降水的时空分布研究”(Q202302)。

摘　　要：选取2017—2022年广州市海珠区内23个区域气象站的逐小时降水观测资料,统计分析了海珠区内极端短时强降水的特征,结果表明:海珠区极端短时强降水有“一年多两年少”的年变化特征,年内分布主要集中在4—9月(主汛期),且在5、8月呈“双峰”特征,前汛期的峰值高于后汛期的峰值;凌晨、傍晚到上半夜是极端短时强降水的易发时段,恰好与下班高峰期重合,给城市交通增加了巨大的压力。小时雨量在50~59.9 mm范围内出现的次数最多,占比超过50%;极端短时强降水年极值在8月出现次数最多,2019年7月22日16:00出现了期间极端最强短时强降水,达80.9 mm。极端短时强降水年平均次数在海珠区中部、东北角、西北角最多,尤其中部是极端短时强降水的易发区域,说明不同高低的城市建筑物会产生不同的地表粗糙程度,会使降水系统的移动速度减慢,导致雨强增大。The observed hourly precipitation data of 23 regional automatic weather stations in Haizhu District of Guangzhou from 2017 to 2022 were selected to run a statistical analysis of the characteristics of ex⁃treme short⁃term heavy precipitation(to be referred to as“ESHP”hereafter)in the district.The results are shown as follows.For the interannual variation,the ESHP in Haizhu is large in one year followed by two years of small amount.Its intraannual distribution is mainly concentrated in April⁃September(the main rainy season),with May and August showing the bimodal characteristics,and the peak value in the first part of the season is larger than that in the second part.Early morning,evening and the hours before midnight are the periods prone to the ESHP,which coincides with the rush hour,increasing great pressure to the urban traffic.The hourly rainfall occurred most frequently in the range of 50 to 59.9 mm,accounting for more than 50%.The maximum annual value of ESHP occurs most often in August.At 16:00 on July 22,2019,there was an ESHP which was the strongest in the past few years,reaching 80.9 mm.The average annual occur⁃rence of ESHP is the most in the central,northeast and northwest corners of Haizhu District,especially in the central region,which is the most likely place to have ESHP.It shows that different urban buildings will produce different surface roughness,which will slow down the movement speed of the precipitation system and lead to the increase of rain intensity.

关 键 词：气候学 极端短时强降水 区域自动站 海珠区 

分 类 号：P46[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]