不同土地利用类型对豫西黄土丘陵区坡面产流产沙的影响  

Effects of Different Land Uses on Runoff and Sediment on Sloping Land in Loess Hilly Area of Western Henan

作　　者：衣强 李越梅 闫俊飞 顾治家 张红峰 李泮营 黄淑萍 Yi Qiang;Li Yuemei;Yan Junfei;Gu Zhijia;Zhang Hongfeng;Li Panying;Huang Shuping(Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Station of Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450008,China;College of Geographic Sciences/Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution,Xinyang Normal University,Xinyang,Henan 464000,China;Songxian Soil and Water Conservation Institute of Henan,Songxian,Henan 471400,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省水土保持监测总站,郑州450008 [2]信阳师范大学地理科学学院/河南省水土环境污染协同防治重点实验室,河南信阳464000 [3]河南省嵩县水土保持科学研究所,河南嵩县471400

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2024年第4期67-74,85,共9页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：信阳师范大学“南湖学者奖励计划”青年项目(2019046);信阳师范大学博士科研启动项目(19034);国家自然科学基金(U2002209);河南省自然科学基金(232300420444)。

摘　　要：[目的]分析豫西黄土丘陵区不同土地利用类型及不同坡度条件下土壤侵蚀产流产沙规律,为土壤侵蚀定量评价、水土流失综合防治提供科学依据。[方法]基于河南省嵩县胡沟小流域水土保持监测点2011—2020年12个坡面径流小区观测数据,揭示了不同土地利用类型下产流产沙规律,采用相关分析研究了降雨特征、坡度、土地利用与产流产沙的关系。[结果](1)与裸地小区相比,草地小区的减流减沙效益最大。草地的多年平均减流效益变化为78.6%~85.9%,减沙效益最高可达100%。林地的减流效益为32.9%~51.3%,减沙效益为55.3%~78.9%。(2)各径流小区产流产沙次数、大小与坡度关系密切,10°与15°的产流产沙差别不大,25°的坡度上产流产沙明显增加。此外,随着坡度的增加,林草地的水土保持效益也在降低。(3)径流小区径流深与最大30 min雨强(I_(30))、土壤流失量与降雨侵蚀力相关性最为显著。[结论]在豫西黄土丘陵区缺少径流泥沙定位观测的区域,一定的坡度和植被状况下,可用降雨过程资料来估测坡面径流量和土壤流失量。[Objective]The aims of this study are to analyze the runoff and sediment under different land use types and slopes in the loess hilly area of western Henan,and to provide scientific basis for quantitative evaluation of soil erosion and comprehensive prevention of soil erosion.[Methods]Based on the observation data of 12 runoff plots from 2011 to 2020 at the monitoring site of soil and water conservation in Hugou small watershed,Songxian County,Henan Province,the pattern of runoff and sediment under different land use was revealed.Correlation analysis was used to detect the relationship between rainfall characteristics,slope,land use,runoff and sediment yield.[Results](1)Compared with bare land plot,grassland plot had the greatest effect on runoff and sediment reduction.The average annual runoff reduction effect of grassland was 78.6%~85.9%,and the maximum sediment reduction effect was 100%.The runoff reduction effect of forestland was 32.9%~51.3%,and the sediment reduction effect was 55.3%~78.9%.(2)Runoff and sediment in each runoff plot and the slope were closely related.There was no significant difference between the runoff and sediment on the slopes of 10°and 15°,however,it increased significantly on the slope of 25°.In addition,with the increase of slope gradient,the soil and water conservation effect of forestland and grassland also reduced.(3)The correlation between runoff depth and maximum 30-minute rainfall intensity(I_(30))and soil loss and rainfall erosivity were the most significant.[Conclusion]In areas where runoff and sediment localization observation is lacking in the loess hilly region of western Henan Province,rainfall process information can be used to estimate the runoff and soil loss under certain slope and vegetation conditions.

关 键 词：产流产沙 径流小区 土地利用 豫西黄土丘陵区 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]