3种耐旱耐瘠护坡植物根系形态及抗拉特性  

Root Morphology and Tensile Characteristics of Three Kinds of Drought-Tolerant Plants for Slope Protection

作　　者：经又亮 杨苑君 王忠良 李建兴 段青松 王建文 Jing Youliang;Yang Yuanjun;Wang Zhongliang;Li Jianxing;Duan Qingsong;Wang Jianwen(College of Water Conservancy,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;College of Resources and Environment,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;China Power Construction Group Kunming Survey Design Institute,Kunming 650051,China;Yunnan Central Water Diversion Project Construction Administration Bureau,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学水利学院,昆明650201 [2]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明650201 [3]中国电建集团昆明勘察设计研究院有限公司,昆明650051 [4]云南省滇中引水工程建设管理局,昆明650224

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2024年第4期163-169,178,共8页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：云南省滇中引水工程建设管理局“云南省滇中引水工程水土保持关键技术研究”(DZYS-ZH-STBC-SJ-001)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究耐旱耐瘠护坡植物的根系形态及抗拉特性,为边坡生态修复植物选用配置提供依据。[方法]在云南省大理市滇中引水项目区弃渣场边坡上选择戟叶酸模(Rumex hastatus D.)、车桑子(Dodonaea viscosa L.)和地瓜藤(Ficus tikoua Bur.)3种植物,通过整株挖掘法获取得根系样品,使用Epson12000XL扫描仪中在500 dpi下进行灰度扫描,用WinRhizo(Pro.2019)根系分析系统对根系形态参数进行分析,并使用万测牌微机控制时万能试验机进行单根拉伸试验。[结果](1)戟叶酸模和车桑子根系形态呈三角形,而地瓜藤呈抛物线形,戟叶酸模和车桑子根径小于2 mm的长度占比最大,大于4.5 mm根径的长度占比次之。(2)3种植物平均抗拉力车桑子最大、戟叶酸模次之、地瓜藤最小,平均抗拉强度地瓜藤最大,戟叶酸模次之,地瓜藤拥有良好抵抗形变的能力,其极限延伸率与杨氏模量优于其余两种植物。[结论]从根系形态看,戟叶酸模和车桑子的固土护坡能力高于地瓜藤,从抗拉特性看地瓜藤虽抗拉力较弱,但抗拉强度高,抵抗变形能力强,3种植物在固土护坡方面根系形态及抗拉特性各有优势,可根据边坡特点及部位有针对性地选用配置。[Objective]The aims of this study are to explore and examine the root morphology and tensile properties of drought resistant and barren slope protection plants,and to provide a basis for the selection and configuration of slope ecological restoration plants.[Methods]Three kinds of plants,Rumex hastatus D.,Dodonaea viscosa L.and Ficus tikoua Bur.,were selected on the slope of the slag dump in the middle Yunnan diversion project area of Dali City,Yunnan Province.The root samples were obtained by the whole plant excavation method,and the gray scale scanning was carried out under 500 dpi in the Epson12000XL scanner.The root morphological parameters were analyzed by the WinRhizo(Pro.2019)root analysis system,and the single root tensile test was carried out by the universal testing machine controlled by the microcomputer of Wan Ce brand.[Results](1)The root morphology of Rumex hastatus D.and Dodonaea viscosa L.was triangular,while that of Ficus tikoua Bur.vine was parabolic.The length of Rumex hastatus D.and Dodonaea viscosa L.root diameter less than 2 mm was the largest,followed by the length of root diameter greater than 4.5 mm.(2)The average tensile strength of the three plants was the largest for Dodonaea viscosa L.,followed by Rumex hastatus D.,and the smallest for Ficus tikoua Bur.,and the average tensile strength was the largest for Ficus tikoua Bur.,followed by Rumex hastatus D.The Ficus tikoua Bur.possessed a good resistance to deformation,and its ultimate elongation and Young′s modulus were better than those of the remaining two plants.[Conclusion]From the view of root morphology,Rumex hastatus D.and Dodonaea viscosa L.have higher capacity of soil stabilization than Ficus tikoua Bur.From the view of tensile characteristics,although Ficus tikoua Bur.has weaker tensile strength,it has high tensile strength and strong resistance to deformation,and the three plants have their own advantages in root morphology and tensile characteristics in soil stabilization and slope protection,and they can be selected and con

关 键 词：护坡植物 根系形态 力学特性 耐旱耐瘠 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学] S781.25[农业科学—农业基础科学]