基于转录因子生物传感器在环境分析中的应用  

Application of Transcription Factor-based Biosensors in Environmental Analysis

作　　者：张迪[1] 鞠睿 李丽梅[2] 王煜倩 陈瑞 王新一 ZHANG Di;JU Rui;LI Li-mei;WANG Yu-qian;CHEN Rui;WANG Xin-yi(College of Life and Health,Dalian University,Dalian 116622;College of Sciences Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866;Beijing Key Laboratory of Occupational Safety and Health,Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science,Beijing Academy of Science and Technology,Beijing 100054)

机构地区：[1]大连大学生命健康学院,大连116622 [2]沈阳农业大学理学院,沈阳110866 [3]北京市科学技术研究院城市安全与环境科学研究所职业安全健康北京市重点实验室,北京100054

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2024年第6期114-125,共12页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：大连大学学科交叉项目(DLUXK-2022-ZD-002)。

摘　　要：转录因子是一类在细胞中通过引导RNA聚合酶与特定DNA序列结合调控基因表达的蛋白质。转录因子是生物体适应自然环境过程中的一类重要调节性蛋白,可专一性的感知环境介质中的配体分子。利用转录因子作为识别元件构建生物传感体系并与不同的信号转导和放大系统耦合,可在细胞、无细胞和体外等不同反应体系构建信号输出形式灵活多样的传感策略。基于转录因子构建的生物传感器(TFBBs),因其灵敏度高、体积小、价格低廉以及可应用于现场监测等优势,在环境分析领域显示出巨大应用潜力。文中着重介绍了TFBBs的传感体系类型、核心元件组成和工作原理,列举了其在重金属离子、芳香族化合物及抗生素等环境污染物检测中的应用进展,在此基础上讨论了TFBBs在环境污染物检测中可能面临的机遇和挑战,并对其发展趋势进行了展望,指出合成生物学、人工智能等多学科新兴技术的高速发展将促进TFBBs人工设计和传感性能提升,使其应用于更广泛的领域。Transcription factors are a class of proteins that regulate gene expression in cells by directing RNA polymerases to bind to specific DNA sequences.Transcription factors,as important regulatory proteins for prokaryotes to adapt to the natural environment,can specifically sense ligand molecules in environmental media.By coupling with different signal transduction and amplification systems,biosensing systems with transcription factors as recognition elements can construct flexible sensing strategies in whole-cell system,cell-free system and in vitro reaction systems.The transcription factor-based biosensors(TFBBs)have the advantages of high sensitivity,small size,low-cost,and on-site monitoring,showing great potential in the analysis of environmental pollutants.This paper introduces the reaction system types,core component compositions and working principle of TFBBs,as well as lists their application progress in the detection of environmental pollutants including heavy metal ions,aromatic compounds and antibiotics.On this basis,the opportunities and challenges for TFBBs in the detection of environmental pollutants are discussed,and the development trend of TFBBs is prospected.It points out that the rapid development of interdisciplinary emerging technologies such as synthetic biology and artificial intelligence will promote the artificial design and sensing performance improvement of TFBBs,making them applicable in a wider range of fields.

关 键 词：转录因子 生物传感 环境分析 重金属离子 芳香族化合物 抗生素 

分 类 号：X830.2[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TP212.3[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]