喷施不同钙肥对‘蜜脆’苹果生理生化特性及果实品质的影响  

Effects of spraying different calcium fertilizers on physiological and biochemical characteristics and fruit quality of‘Honeycrisp’apple

作　　者：王朝 张朋朋 管增辉 吴倩 陈新宝 邹养军[1] WANG Zhao;ZHANG Pengpeng;GUAN Zenghui;WU Qian;CHEN Xinbao;ZOU Yangjun(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Yan’an Fruit Industry Research and Development Center,Luochuan,Shaanxi 727400,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]延安市果业研究发展中心,陕西洛川727400

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第7期73-80,共8页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家苹果产业技术体系项目(CARS-27);陕西省科技重大专项(2020zdzx03-01-01)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同钙肥对‘蜜脆’苹果生长发育以及果实品质的影响,筛选出效果佳的钙肥,为苹果合理施用钙肥提供理论依据。【方法】以10年生‘蜜脆’苹果为试材,在幼果期和果实膨大期分别喷施清水(对照)、糖醇钙、流体螯合钙、氨基酸钙、硝酸铵钙、乳酸钙,研究不同钙肥对苹果叶片的光合作用,营养元素(N、P、K和Ca)含量,酶(POD和CAT)活性,果实品质以及苦痘病发病率的影响。【结果】与对照相比,喷施钙肥总体上显著提高了苹果叶片净光合速率(P_(n))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))、气孔导度(G_(s)),降低了叶片胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i)),显著增加了叶片中N、P、K和Ca元素的含量以及POD和CAT活性,提高了果实的单果质量、可溶性固形物、维生素C含量,降低了果实可滴定酸含量,促进了果实着色,减少了苦痘病的发生。其中氨基酸钙处理苹果叶片生理生化指标及果实品质总体最优,其次为乳酸钙和糖醇钙处理,再次为流体螯合钙和硝酸铵钙处理。【结论】喷施钙肥可明显改善‘蜜脆’苹果光合作用和果实品质,其中喷施氨基酸钙的效果最佳。【Objective】This study explored the effects of different calcium fertilizers on growth and development of“Honeycrisp”apple and fruit quality and screened the best calcium fertilizer to provide basis for rational application of calcium fertilizer for apples.【Method】During young fruit and fruit enlargement periods,10 years old‘Honeycrisp’apple trees were sprayed with water(control),sugar alcohol calcium,fluid chelate calcium,calcium of amino acid,calcium ammonium nitrate and calcium lactate.The effects of different calcium fertilizers on photosynthesis,contents of nutrient elements(N,P,K and Ca),activities of enzyme(POD and CAT),fruit quality and the incidence of bitter pox in apple leaves were analyzed.【Result】Compared with the control,spraying calcium fertilizers significantly increased net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),transpiration rate(T_(r))and stomatal conductance(G_(s))of apple leaves,decreased intercellular CO_(2)concentration(C_(i)),and significantly increased contents of N,P,K and Ca elements and activities of POD and CAT in apple leaves.Fruit quality,soluble solids and vitamin C were improved,titrable acid content was reduced,fruit coloring was promoted,and the occurrence of bitter pox was reduced.Calcium of amino acid had the best leaf physiological and biochemical indexes and fruit quality,followed by calcium lactate,sugar alcohol calcium treatment,fluid chelate calcium and calcium ammonium nitrate.【Conclusion】Spray-ing calcium fertilizers could significantly improve photosynthesis and fruit quality of honey crisp apple,and calcium of amino acid was the best.

关 键 词：‘蜜脆’苹果 钙肥 叶面施肥 果实品质 生理生化特性 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]