柔性声学超材料及其低频消声特性  

Muffling characteristics of flexible acoustic metamaterial to low-frequency noise

作　　者：陈桂涛 李营 陈创 张晏晴 吕海峰[1] CHEN Guitao;LI Ying;CHEN Chuang;ZHANG Yanqing;L Haifeng(School of Mechanical Engineering,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,China;Shandong Yingwei Electronic Technology Co.,Ltd.,Jinan 250101,China)

机构地区：[1]中北大学机械工程学院,太原030051 [2]山东英伟电子技术有限公司,济南250101

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2024年第12期65-71,共7页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51305409)。

摘　　要：为实现高速飞车舱内低频噪声控制,提出了一种基于Helmholtz共振效应的柔性声学超材料。通过理论分析Helmholtz腔的消声机理,利用COMSOL软件对比分析腔体单元、阵列结构的消声特性;通过声固耦合模块模拟柔性超材料的消声性能。参数化地研究了柔性声学超材料共振频率的变化规律,并分析了柔性超材料在不同变形程度下的消声特性。提出分部拔模的浇注工艺制备了柔性声学超材料样件,利用四传感器的测试原理测量样件的传递损失。研究结果表明,柔性声学超材料的测试、仿真结果均在300 Hz处存在一个传递损失峰,表现出了低于理论模型的Helmholtz共振频率及良好的低频噪声控制效果,同时柔性材料可避免因惯性对安装环境造成冲击,适用于曲面环境,在工程领域具有较好的应用前景。In order to control the low-frequency noise in the cabin of a high-speed flying train,flexible acoustic metamaterial based on Helmholtz resonance effect was proposed.Theoretical analysis was conducted on the noise reduction mechanism of the Helmholtz cavity,and the noise reduction characteristics of a unit cavity structure and an array cavity structure were compared and analyzed using COMSOL software.The acoustic performance of flexible metamaterial was analyzed through the acoustic structure coupling module.The variation of the resonant frequency of the flexible acoustic metamaterial was studied parametrically,and the noise reduction characteristics of flexible acoustic metamaterials under different degrees of deformation was analyzed.The casting process of divided draft was proposed to prepare flexible acoustic metamaterial samples,and the transfer loss of samples was measured using the four sensor testing principles.The research results show that there is a transmission loss peak at 300 Hz in the test and simulation results of flexible acoustic Metamaterial,which shows the Helmholtz resonance frequency lower than the theoretical model and good low-frequency noise control effect.At the same time,flexible materials can avoid the impact of inertia on the installation environment,which is suitable for curved surface environment,and has good application prospects in the engineering field.

关 键 词：低频噪声 柔性超材料 Helmholtz效应 有限元分析 传递损失 

分 类 号：V216.54[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程] TB535.2[理学—物理]