贻贝筏式养殖区两类端足目生物分布特征及其与环境因子关系  

DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS FOR TWO CATEGORIES OF AMPHIPODS IN MUSSEL-RAFTS CULTURE AREA

作　　者：朱帅麟 单晓鸾 刘明智 印瑞 杨凡 蒋日进[2] 张秀梅 ZHU Shuai-Lin;SHAN Xiao-Luan;LIU Ming-Zhi;YIN Rui;YANG Fan;JIANG Ri-Jin;ZHANG Xiu-Mei(Marine and Fisheries Research Institute,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316021,China;Ministry of Agriculture Key Research Station for Fisheries Resources of Main Fishing Ground,Key Research Station of Sustainable Utilization for Marine Fisheries Resources,Zhejiang Institute of Marine Fisheries Research,Zhoushan 316021,China;Marine Economic Development Center,Rushan 264500,China;School of Fisheries,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学海洋与渔业研究所,舟山316021 [2]浙江省海洋水产研究所,农业农村部重点渔场渔业资源科学观测实验站,浙江省海洋渔业资源可持续利用技术研究重点实验室,舟山316021 [3]山东省乳山市海洋经济发展中心,乳山264500 [4]浙江海洋大学水产学院,舟山316022

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2024年第7期1159-1169,共11页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：中街山列岛海洋牧场食物网结构研究(HYS-ZX-202206);浙江近海重要经济种产卵场调查与评价(HYS-CZ-202329);长江口及其邻近海域水生生物资源调查(HYS-CZ-202408);浙江省公益技术应用研究项目(LGN21C190005)资助。

摘　　要：根据2022年8月(夏季)和2023年2月(冬季)枸杞岛贻贝筏式养殖区现场调查数据,对两类端足目生物(钩虾、麦秆虫)资源密度分布特征、空间生态位及其与环境因子的关系进行系统分析。结果显示:(1)夏季钩虾平均丰度(6.65±3.17)×10^(4) ind./m^(2)小于麦秆虫平均丰度(27.51±21.50)×10^(4) ind./m^(2),其中,钩虾主要分布于养殖区近岸侧,麦秆虫主要分布于养殖区离岸侧。钩虾平均质量密度(69.07±37.13)g/m^(2)小于麦秆虫平均质量密度(752.22±707.03)g/m^(2),钩虾、麦秆虫质量密度均呈现自养殖区中心至外围逐渐增大趋势,两参数最小值均出现于GQ3站位;冬季钩虾平均丰度(0.24±0.17)×10^(4) ind./m^(2)略大于麦秆虫平均丰度(0.02±0.04)×10^(4) ind./m^(2),与夏季相似,钩虾主要分布于养殖区近岸侧,麦秆虫主要分布于养殖区离岸侧,但分布区域逐渐向养殖区中部移动。钩虾平均质量密度(10.92±13.07)g/m^(2)大于麦秆虫平均质量密度(1.27±2.57)g/m^(2),不同于夏季,冬季钩虾、麦秆虫质量密度大致呈现自养殖区中部至外围逐渐减小趋势。(2)两类端足目生物两季空间生态位宽度范围为0.78—2.08,其中,夏季钩虾空间生态位宽度值最高(2.08),冬季麦秆虫空间生态位宽度值(0.78)最低,原因可能是钩虾生理结构更为完善,游泳能力与资源利用能力更强;两类端足目生物空间生态位重叠范围为0.37—0.72,夏季重叠值(0.72)高于冬季(0.37),可能是由于夏季钩虾、麦秆虫丰度高,且拥有相似的栖息环境与摄食习性,两者具有较强的竞争关系。(3)两类端足目生物与环境因子相关性分析结果表明:温度、pH、氨氮与硝酸盐是影响钩虾、麦秆虫分布特征的主要因子。研究旨在为贻贝筏式养殖区多营养层级养殖模式构建和现代化海洋牧场建设提供一定参考资料。Amphipods play a crucial role in the marine ecosystem,serving as key conduits for transmitting energy from primary producers to the higher-level consumers.We conducted a systematic analysis based on the investigation data collected in the mussel-raft culture area near Gouqi Island,Zhejiang,the East China Sea,during August 2022(summer)and February 2023(winter).The analysis aimed to characterize the distribution of resource densities,spatial niche,and relationships with environmental factors for two amphipods species,namely Gammaridea and Caprellidae.The results showed that the average abundance of Gammaridea(6.65±3.17×10^(4))ind./m^(2) was smaller than that of Caprellidae(27.51±21.50×10^(4))ind./m^(2) in summer.Gammaridea predominantly inhabited the near-shore side,while Caprellidae were mainly distributed in the off-shore side of the culture area.The mass density of Gammaridea(69.07±37.13)g/m^(2) was lower than that of Gammaridea(752.22±707.03)g/m^(2).Both Gammaridea and Caprellidae exhibited increasing mass densities from the center to the periphery of the culture area,with the minimum resource density observed at GQ3.In winter,the average abundance of Gammaridea(0.24±0.17×10^(4))ind./m^(2) was slightly larger than that of Caprellidae(0.02±0.04×10^(4))ind./m^(2).Similar to summer,Gammaridea mainly inhabited the near-shore side,while Caprellidae mainly occupied the off-shore side,gradually shifting towards the middle of the culture area.The mass density of Gammaridea(10.92±13.07)g/m^(2) exceeded that of Caprellidae(1.27±2.57)g/m^(2).In contrast to summer,mass densities showed a decreasing trend from the middle to the periphery of the culture area in winter.The spatial niche widths ranged from 0.78 to 2.08,with Gammaridea having the highest niche width in summer(2.08)and Caprellidae the lowest in winter(0.78).Niche overlap values ranged from 0.37 to 0.72,with a higher overlap in summer(0.72)compared to winter(0.37),indicating a strong competitive relationship between Gammaridea and Caprellidae in summe

关 键 词：分布特征 空间生态位 环境因子 钩虾 麦秆虫 

分 类 号：S932.5[农业科学—渔业资源]