小球藻粉替代鱼粉下复方中草药对大口黑鲈肌肉品质的影响  

COMPOUND CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINE ON FLESH QUALITY OF LARGEMOUTH BASS(MICROPTERUS SALMOIDES)IN THE DIET OF FISH MEAL REPLACED BY CHLORELLA MEAL

作　　者：徐庆来 周继术[1] 朱子琳 王艾 张念锟 贺花[2] XU Qing-Lai;ZHOU Ji-Shu;ZHU Zi-Lin;WANG Ai;ZHANG Nian-Kun;HE Hua(Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed Science,Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,Yangling 712100,China;College of Veterinary Medicine,Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院,水产动物营养与饲料科学实验室,杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学动物医学院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2024年第7期1245-1257,共13页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：蓝色粮仓科技创新重大专项(2019YFD0900200);陕西省重点研发计划(2018ZDXM-NY-045);陕西省技术创新引导专项(2022QFY12-03);陕西省技术创新引导专项(2022QFY12-04)资助。

摘　　要：研究探讨了小球藻替代鱼粉下,不同剂量的复方中草药(Chinese Herbal Medicine Compound,CHMC)对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)肌肉品质的影响。实验在大口黑鲈基础饲料配方中,以小球藻粉完全替代其中的鱼粉,并随后以2%、4%和6%水平分别添加复方中草药汤剂于小球藻粉替代组中,制作成等氮(CP:52%)等脂(CL:10%)的五组实验饲料,分别记为FM、CM、CMH2、CMH4和CMH6组。将健康的大口黑鲈225尾[均重(100.20±0.29)g]随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复15尾,分别投喂以上5种实验饲料,饲养时间80d。结果表明:(1)CMH2、CMH4和CMH6组大口黑鲈侧线部皮肤亮度值(L*)均显著高于FM与CM组(P<0.05),且CMH2、CMH4和CMH6组大口黑鲈肌肉黄色度值(b*)均显著高于CM组(P<0.05)。(2)CMH2、CMH4和CMH6组大口黑鲈肌肉粗脂肪含量均显著低于FM与CM组(P<0.05),肌肉粗蛋白、水分和粗灰分含量在各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。(3)CMH6组大口黑鲈肌肉风味氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸含量和总氨基酸含量均显著高于FM组和CM组(P<0.05),CMH4组大口黑鲈肌肉C16:1n-7脂肪酸水平显著高于CM组(P>0.05)。(4)鱼体肌肉内聚性、弹性及滴水损失在各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05),但随复方中草药添加量的上升,鱼体肌肉硬度、黏附性、胶黏性、咀嚼性、剪切力及pH均显著升高(P<0.05)。(5)CMH4组和CMH6组鱼体肌纤维直径均显著低于CM组(P<0.05),而该中草药组鱼体肌纤维密度均显著高于CM组(P<0.05)。(6)大口黑鲈肌肉MyoD与MyoG等生肌调节因子基因相对表达量在各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05),但MSTN肌肉生长抑制素基因的相对表达量在CMH6组显著降低(P<0.05)。综上表明,在饲料中添加4%—6%复方中草药改善了小球藻替代鱼粉下大口黑鲈体色与肉色,提高了鱼体肌肉营养成分含量及其肌肉质构,该结果可能与复方中草药抑制了MSTN基因表达从而促进了肌纤维的生长有关。The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a compound Chinese herbal medicine on the flesh quality of largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)when fish meal was replaced with Chlorella meal in their diet.In the fishmeal diet(FM group)of largemouth bass,Chlorella meal completely replaced the fish meal(CM group).Subsequently,in the CM group,the compound Chinese herbs(Chinese Herbal Medicine Compound,CHMC;tonic)were added at levels of 2%,4%,and 6%,denoted as CMH2,CMH4,and CMH6 groups,respectively.A total of 225 healthy largemouth bass(mean weight 100.20±0.29 g)were randomly divided into five groups,with triplicates per group and fed with five diets,ensuring isonitrogenous(CP:52%)and isolipidous(CL:10%),respectively.The feeding period lasted for 80 days.The results revealed the following:(1)The brightness value(L*)from the lateral skin of largemouth bass in CMH2,CMH4,and CMH6 groups was significantly higher than that of FM and CM groups(P<0.05).Additionally,the yellowness value(b*)from the dorsal muscle of largemouth bass in CMH2,CMH4,and CMH6 groups was significantly higher than that of the CM group(P<0.05).(2)The crude fat of the muscle in CMH2,CMH4,and CMH6 groups was significantly lower than that in the FM and CM groups(P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in crude protein,moisture,and crude ash of the muscle among these groups(P>0.05).(3)The aroma amino acid content,essential amino acid content,and total amino acid content of the muscle in the CMH6 group were significantly higher compared to the FM and CM groups(P<0.05).Additionally,the C16:1n-7 content of the muscle in the CMH4 group was significantly higher than that of the CM group(P>0.05).(4)There was no significant difference in cohesion,elasticity,and dripping loss of fish muscle in each group(P>0.05).However,the hardness,adhesion,adhesiveness,chewing ability,shear force,and pH of fish muscle increased significantly with the addition of compound Chinese herbal medicine(P<0.05).(5)The diameter of muscle fibers in fish from the CMH4 a

关 键 词：复方中草药 肌肉质构 肌肉营养价值 鱼粉 小球藻粉 大口黑鲈 

分 类 号：S965.1[农业科学—水产养殖]