基于大数据和排放模型的高分辨率北京市机动车污染物排放变化特征  

Study on the change characteristics of high resolution vehicle pollutant emission in Beijing based on big data and emission model

作　　者：米艺华 王涛 李杰[1] 李芊昀 王自溪 杜惠云 王自发[1] MI Yihua;WANG Tao;LI Jie;LI Qianyun;WANG Zixi;DU Huiyun;WANG Zifa(State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry(LAPC),Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室,北京100029 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2024年第6期270-283,共14页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(No.2022YFHH0116);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(No.42307145);中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目(No.2023M743432)。

摘　　要：深入了解北京市机动车动态高分辨率排放特征有助于定位城市交通排放热点区域,为城市空气质量精细化模拟和污染溯源提供数据支撑.本研究基于车流量、车速等实时交通数据,计算了2020年8月—2021年8月北京市六环内及周边区域逐日逐小时道路机动车CO、NO_(x)、HC、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)排放量,并分析了排放变化特征.结果表明,一年内,污染物排放量在6月、8月较高,12月最低.一周内,非工作日出勤减少,各类污染物排放比工作日降低了5%~8%.每日逐小时排放变化呈明显“早高峰”和“晚高峰”现象,分别出现在7:00—10:00和17:00—20:00.污染物排放时间变化与交通流量时间变化特征基本一致.2020年8月—2021年8月NO_(x)和HC排放总量分别6.9×10^(4)t和2.5×10^(4)t.朝阳区排放量最高,海淀区和大兴区次之.高速公路的污染物排放分担率最高,从道路分布来看,六环内进京道路排放比中心城区道路高.不同类型道路污染物排放逐小时变化存在差异.0:00—5:00货车限行政策解除,且柴油车占比较高,导致机动车排放出现短暂上升,高速公路各类污染物排放呈先升高后降低趋势,其它类型道路各类污染物大部分持续上升或持续下降.一天内,高速公路污染物排放达到第一个峰值的时间为9:00或10:00,其它类型道路污染物排放达到第一个峰值的时间为8:00.不同车型排放贡献上,大中型柴油货车是NO_(x)和PM的首要排放源.而对于CO和HC,大中型客车排放分担率最高.In-depth understanding the dynamic high-resolution emission characteristics of on-road vehicles in Beijing is crucial for locating hotspots of urban traffic emissions,providing data support for refined urban air quality simulation and source apportionment of air pollutants.Based on real-time traffic data such as traffic flow and speed,this study calculates the daily and hourly emissions of CO,NO_(x),HC,PM_(10),and PM_(2.5)of on-road vehicles within and surrounding the Sixth Ring Road of Beijing from August 2020 to August 2021,and analyzes the characteristics of emission changes.The results indicate that on-road traffic emissions were higher in June and August and the lowest in December.On weekends,there is a decrease of emissions by 5%~8%compared to weekdays due to reduced commuting.The hourly emission changes show a prominent"morning peak"and"evening peak"phenomenon,which occurs between 7:00—10:00 and 17:00—20:00,respectively.The temporal changes in pollutant emissions are generally consistent with traffic flow.The total NO_(x)and HC emissions from August 2020 to August 2021 are 6.9×10^(4)t and 2.5×10^(4)t,respectively.The Chaoyang district has the highest emissions,followed by the Haidian and Daxing districts.The motorway has the highest pollutant emission contribution rate.From the perspective of road distribution,the emissions on roads within the sixth ring into Beijing are higher than those on roads in the central city.There are differences in hourly changes in pollutant emissions for different types of roads.From 0:00 to 5:00,the ban on truck restrictions is lifted,and diesel vehicles account for a relatively high proportion,leading to a temporary increase in motor vehicle emissions.Traffic emissions on the motorway first increase and then decrease,while most of the emissions of other types of roads continue to rise or fall continuously.Within a day,the peak concentration of the motorway is found at 9:00 or 10:00 and 8:00 on other road types.Heavy and middle-duty trucks are the primary sources of NO_(

关 键 词：机动车排放 污染特征 高时空分辨率 北京 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]