轮胎颗粒大小及剂量对土壤微生物活性及细菌群落结构的影响  

Effects of size and dosage of tire wear particles on soil microbial activity and bacterial community

作　　者：赖香美 俞永祥 郑宁国 姚槐应 LAI Xiangmei;YU Yongxiang;ZHENG Ningguo;YAO Huaiying(School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering,Wuhan Institute of Technology,Wuhan 430205;Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health,Institute of Urban Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xiamen 361021;Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Process and Pollution Control,Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center,Ningbo(Beilun),Ningbo 315800)

机构地区：[1]武汉工程大学环境生态与生物工程学院,武汉430205 [2]中国科学院城市环境研究所城市环境与健康重点实验室,厦门361021 [3]浙江省宁波(北仑)中科海西产业技术创新中心浙江省城市环境过程与污染控制重点实验室,宁波315800

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2024年第6期367-374,共8页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.42207157,42277109);武汉工程大学科研启动基金(No.K2023078)。

摘　　要：轮胎颗粒微塑料作为新污染物,可通过影响土壤团聚体稳定性而改变土壤理化性质,或通过浸出重金属和有机污染物造成土壤污染,但不同粒径的轮胎颗粒对土壤微生物活性及其群落结构的影响尚不清楚.本研究通过60 d的微宇宙培养试验探究不同粒径(<0.15 mm、0.15~0.85 mm和0.85~4.75 mm)和剂量(0、0.01%、0.1%和1%W/W)的轮胎颗粒对微生物呼吸速率、细菌群落多样性及组成的影响.结果表明:轮胎颗粒的粒径和剂量显著影响了土壤微生物量碳和活性,表现为不同剂量大粒径轮胎颗粒对土壤微生物量碳没有显著影响,而高剂量中粒径和小粒径轮胎颗粒使得土壤微生物量碳显著增加.轮胎颗粒对土壤微生物呼吸的影响存在剂量效应,表现为高剂量(1%)的轮胎颗粒增加了土壤微生物呼吸速率,且仅高剂量中粒径轮胎颗粒对土壤微生物呼吸显著高于其他粒径处理.不同粒径和剂量轮胎颗粒对土壤细菌多样性和群落的影响存在差异.其中,剂量较高和粒径较小的轮胎颗粒使得土壤细菌Shannon多样性降低.本研究结果表明轮胎颗粒对土壤微生物活性和细菌多样性及群落的影响存在明显的剂量和粒径效应,对土壤生态环境的影响不容忽视.Tire wear particles(TWP)are an emerging microplastic contaminant that can influence the stability of soil aggregates,thereby changing soil physicochemical properties,or cause soil pollution by leaching heavy metals and organic pollutants.However,the effect of TWP size on soil microbial activity and community structure is lack of understanding.In the present study,we established soil microcosms to explore the effects of size(<0.15 mm,0.15~0.85 mm,and 0.85~4.75 mm,named as small,medium and large size,respectively)and dosage(0,0.01%,0.1%and 1%W/W)of TWP on soil microbial respiration,bacterial diversity and composition after 60 days.Results show that both the size and dosage of TWP significantly affected microbial biomass carbon(MBC)content and activity.The dosage of TWP with large size did not affect soil MBC content,while high dosage(1%W/W)of medium and small sized TWP significantly increased soil MBC content.There was a dosage-dependengt effect of TWP on soil microbial respiration,and high dosage(1%W/W)of TWP increased the microbial respiration.In addition,medium size at the high dosage(1%W/W)of TWP enhanced the soil microbial respiration compared to other size treatments.furthermore,Size and dosage of TWP had different impacts on soil bacterial diversity and community structure.TWP with smaller size(<0.15 mm and 0.15~0.85 mm)at high dosage(1%W/W)would reduce soil bacterial Shannon diversity compared to other treatments.These findings indicated that the influences of TWP on soil microbial activity and bacterial diversity and community had obvious size and dosage effects,and the impact of TWP on the soil ecology and environment could not be ignored.

关 键 词：粒径 轮胎颗粒 农田土壤 微生物呼吸 细菌群落 

分 类 号：S154.1[农业科学—土壤学]