杏光合性状的遗传变异分析及主效基因挖掘  

Genetic variation analysis and discovery of major effect genes for photosynthetic traits in apricot

作　　者：姜凤超[1] 杨丽[1] 张俊环[1] 张美玲 于文剑 孙浩元[1] JIANG Fengchao;YANG Li;ZHANG Junhuan;ZHANG Meiling;YUWenjian;SUN Haoyuan(Institute of Forestry and Pomology,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops(North China),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture(North China),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees/Apricot Engineering and Technology Research Center of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100093,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所·农业农村部华北地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室·农业农村部华北都市农业重点实验室·北京市落叶果树工程技术研究中心·国家林业与草原杏工程技术研究中心,北京100093

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第6期1044-1053,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32272653);北京市农林科学院创新能力建设专项(KJCX20230416,KJCX20230118);北京市农林科学院科研创新平台建设项目(PT2024-09)。

摘　　要：【目的】光合作用是果树产量和品质形成的关键生理过程,在果树遗传改良中具有重要意义,通过分析杏光合性状的遗传变异规律,为科学选配亲本及高光效杂交后代的筛选提供理论依据。【方法】以串枝红(高光合速率)为母本和骆驼黄(低光合速率)为父本进行杂交构建F1群体,采用Li-6400XT测定亲本及杂交后代的光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_(2)浓度与蒸腾速率。【结果】光合速率和气孔导度在F1群体中存在极端超亲单株。光合特性相关性状呈正态分布规律,具有典型的数量遗传特征。光合速率、蒸腾速率和胞间CO_(2)浓度主要受遗传效应影响。构建了包含1356个indel标记的杏高密度遗传图谱,标记平均间距为0.44 cM,利用该图谱共检测到7个与光合性状相关的QTLs,其中,光合速率、蒸腾速率和胞间CO_(2)浓度均定位在1号染色体的25.4~26.2cM附近,并结合富集分析结果发现PA01G03444可能是调控光合作用的1个主效基因。【结论】获得了7个与光合作用相关的QTLs,发现一个调控光合作用的主效基因PA01G03444,这为进一步探索杏树光合作用的分子机制提供了基因资源。【Objective】Photosynthesis is a crucial physiological process for plant growth and yield formation,and also is an important trait to improve in fruit trees.Elucidating the genetic variation patterns of photosynthetic traits in the F1 generation of apricot populations can provide a theoretical basis for genetic improvement of fruit trees.【Methods】The F1 population of apricot was constructed by a crossing between Chuanshizhong with high photosynthetic rate,and Luotuohuang with low photosynthetic rate.The measurements of photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO_(2)concentration,and transpiration rate were conducted on the two parents and the individuals of the F1 population using Li-6400XT.【Results】The photosynthetic rate exhibited a range of variation from 67.60 to 109.10μmol·m-2·s-1 in 2015 and 19.50 to 92.60μmol·m-2·s-1 in 2016.The directional trends in photosynthetic rates of the hybrid progeny differed between the two years.In 2016,a trend toward higher photosynthetic rates was observed,while in 2017,the trend shifted toward lower photosynthetic rate regions.The photosyntheticrelated traits exhibited a normal distribution,indicating that it would be a typical quantitative genetic characteristic.The broad-sense heritability(H²)of the photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,and intercellular CO_(2)concentration in the apricot hybrid population were all approximately 0.80,suggesting that the variation in these traits is predominantly attributed to genetic effects,with minimal influence from the environment,indicating substantial genetic potential.The progeny mean values of the photosynthetic traits exceeded the parental mid-values,demonstrating a pattern of overdominant inheritance.Notably,extreme overdominance was observed in hybrid individuals for the photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance.This implied the possibility of selecting varieties with high photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductance in the offspring.The broad-sense heritability analysis suggested that the phot

关 键 词：杏 F1群体 光合性状 遗传变异 QTL定位 

分 类 号：S662.2[农业科学—果树学]