外源γ-氨基丁酸和外源褪黑素处理对红酥宝梨果实品质及糖代谢相关酶的影响  

A study on the effects of exogenousγ-aminobutyric acid and exogenous melatonin treatment on fruit quality and sugar metabolism-related enzymes in Hongsubao pear

作　　者：邓晗 张向展 王苏珂[1] 张振修 苏艳丽[1] 杨健[1] 薛华柏[1,2] 王龙 DENG Han;ZHANG Xiangzhan;WANG Suke;ZHANG Zhenxiu;SU Yanli;YANG Jian;XUE Huabai;WANG Long(Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450009,Henan,China;Chuxiong Yunfruit Industry Technology Research Institute,Chuxiong 675000,Yunnan,China;Administration Committee of Shangqiu National Agricultural Science and Technology Park,Shangqiu 476000,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州450009 [2]楚雄云果产业技术研究院,云南楚雄675000 [3]商丘国家农业科技园区管理委员会,河南商丘476000

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第6期1094-1110,共17页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1200202);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP);国家梨产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-28-06);河南省重点研发项目(241111113500)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究外源γ-氨基丁酸和外源褪黑素处理后,红酥宝梨果实不同发育阶段的糖代谢相关酶活性及果实糖含量的变化规律,明晰影响红酥宝梨果实糖积累的关键酶类,为红酥宝梨果实品质调控技术研发提供理论依据。【方法】以红酥宝梨为试验材料,于果实膨大期用5 mmol·L^(-1)、10 mmol·L^(-1)、20 mmol·L^(-1)的γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)溶液和50μmol·L^(-1)、100μmol·L^(-1)、200μmol·L^(-1)的褪黑素(melatonin,MT)溶液进行叶面喷施,对照为叶面喷施蒸馏水,研究其对梨果实发育过程中果实品质相关指标以及糖代谢相关酶活性的影响。【结果】适宜浓度的外源GABA处理和外源MT处理显著提高了红酥宝梨果实品质,其中,50μmol·L^(-1)MT处理显著提高了单果质量、增强了果实阳面着色效果、果肉硬度和蔗糖、山梨醇、果糖、总糖含量,以及甜度值和糖酸比。适宜浓度外源处理还能显著提高红酥宝梨发育过程中糖代谢相关酶类的活性,其中10 mmol·L^(-1)GABA处理对可溶性酸性转化酶(S-AI)活性、5 mmol·L^(-1)GA-BA处理对中性转化酶(NI)活性、200μmol·L^(-1)MT处理对蔗糖合成酶(分解方向)(SS-Ⅰ)活性、20 mmol·L^(-1)GABA处理对蔗糖合成酶(合成方向)(SS-Ⅱ)活性、50μmol·L^(-1)MT处理对蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性均有显著提高。【结论】利用50μmol·L^(-1)浓度的褪黑素溶液对红酥宝梨进行叶面喷施,可显著提高单果质量、色差、可溶性固形物含量等果实经济性状和蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性,提高梨果实中蔗糖、山梨醇、果糖和有机酸含量、增加糖酸比和果实甜度,进而提高果实品质。【Objective】The economic characteristics of pears,including fruit size,skin color,sugar and acid composition,sugar-to-acid ratio,and fruit firmness,significantly impact the commercial value of pear fruit and are of interest to various stakeholders such as producers,traders,consumers,and researchers.Glucose,fructose,sucrose,and sorbitol are the primary soluble sugars in pears,while malic acid,citric acid,tartaric acid,and quinic acid are the major organic acids,with fructose and sucrose playing crucial roles in determining fruit sweetness.Therefore,enhancing these traits is fundamental for pear production.Current strategies for improving fruit quality focus on enhancing environmental conditions like water availability,soil quality,nutrient levels,and light exposure.While studies have explored the use of external agents for foliar application to enhance fruit quality,there remains a research gap concerning the pivotal enzymes that regulate sugar and acid metabolism,impacting sugar and acid levels in the fruit.This research deficiency impedes the development of effective quality enhancement products and the establishment of a robust theoretical framework.γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)and melatonin(MT)are naturally occurring compounds with reported potential in regulating fruit quality,yet limited research has been conducted on their exogenous application to enhance red-skinned pear quality.This study investigates the effects of exogenous GABA and MT treatments on Hongsubao red-skinned pears,analyzing changes in the activity of sugar metabolism-associated enzymes(soluble acid invertase,neutral invertase,sucrose synthase,and sucrose phosphate synthase)and sugar content at various fruit development stages.The objective is to elucidate the key enzymes influencing sugar accumulation in Hongsubao pear and provide a theoretical foundation for developing quality control strategies for this pear variety.【Methods】Experimental materials in this study consisted of Hongsubao pear fruit sourced from the Zhengzhou Fruit Tree Re

关 键 词：梨 Γ-氨基丁酸 褪黑素 果实品质 糖酸代谢 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]