陕西省关中地区桃园土壤肥力状况分析与评价  

Analysis and evaluation of soil fertility of main peach orchards in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi province

作　　者：郑旭阳 朱静雯 胡亚楠 赵彩平[1] 赵护兵[2] ZHENG Xuyang;ZHU Jingwen;HU Yanan;ZHAO Caiping;ZHAO Hubing(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;College of Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第6期1125-1134,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家桃产业技术体系西安综合试验站(CARS-30-Z-16);陕西省秦创原引用高层次创新创业人才项目(QCYRCXM-2022-234)。

摘　　要：【目的】调查陕西省关中地区桃园土壤肥力状况,旨在为该区桃园土壤养分管理和施肥提供科学依据。【方法】以咸阳、宝鸡、铜川和渭南4市共24个桃园0~40 cm土层土壤为研究对象,对土壤容重、孔隙度、pH及有机质、全氮、有效磷、有效钾、硝态氮和铵态氮含量进行测定分析并评价。【结果】陕西省关中地区桃园0~20 cm土层土壤容重和孔隙度处于适宜范围,而在>20~40 cm土层,咸阳地区土壤容重较高,宝鸡地区土壤容重较高且孔隙度较低,均超出适宜范围;研究区土壤pH平均值为8.1,除宝鸡桃园土壤pH在6.4~6.9之间外,其余地区桃园均为碱性土壤,pH在8.2~9.0之间;陕西省关中地区土壤肥力总体水平不高,土壤有机质最为缺乏,在0~40 cm土层中,66.7%以上的桃园土壤有机质和全氮含量均处于缺乏水平;0~40 cm土壤有效钾含量均处于适宜或丰富水平,>20~40 cm土层的土壤有效磷含量处于缺乏水平;关中地区速效氮平均含量(w,后同)为10.8 mg·kg^(-1),处于缺乏状态,其中渭南的桃园土壤氨态氮和硝态氮含量最高,0~40 cm土层平均值分别为5.1 mg·kg^(-1),13.6 mg·kg^(-1),咸阳、铜川地区次之,宝鸡地区最低。【结论】陕西省关中地区桃园土壤有机质含量低,肥力低,应采取综合措施调节土壤通气保水性、降低碱度并培肥土壤。【Objective】Peach is an important cash crop in Shaanxi province,which plays an important role in increasing farmers'income and rural revitalization.According to the statistics of Shaanxi Yearbook in 2021,peach producing areas in Shaanxi are mainly concentrated in the Guanzhong Plain,with an output of about 640000 t,accounting for about 84%of the peach output in the province.Among them,Xianyang area(XYA)ranks the first,and the main producing areas are distributed in Liquan,Jingyang and Qian county,followed by Dali county in Weinan area(WNA).Although Shaanxi is a suitable ecological cultivation area for peach,the overall fruit quality is not satisfactory.Peasant household’s lack of scientific soil management for peach orchards is a major reason,and growers mainly rely on experience to fertilize and conduct daily soil operations.Therefore,in this study,soil samples from the main peach producing areas in Guanzhong,Shaanxi province were collected to quantitatively determine their nutrient elements,so as to understand the soil conditions of peach orchards in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi province,explore their physical properties and nutritional abundance,and provide scientific basis for soil management and fertilization in peach orchards.【Methods】Soil samples at 0-20 cm and>20-40 cm soil layers were collected from 24 peach orchards in Xianyang area(XYA),Baoji area(BJA),Tongchuan area(TCA)and Weinan area(WNA)in Guanzhong region of Shaanxi province.Based on the nutrient classification standard of the second national soil survey and previous studies,the soil nutrient status in major peach orchards in Guanzhong region of Shaanxi province was evaluated and analyzed.The surveyed indexes included soil bulk density,porosity,pH value,organic matter,total nitrogen,effective phosphorus,effective potassium,nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen contents.【Results】The soil bulk density and porosity at 0-20 cm soil layer of peach orchards in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi province were found in a suitable range.However,at the>20

关 键 词：桃园 土壤养分状况 肥力评价 陕西关中地区 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]