巨玫瑰葡萄不同日灼敏感物候期及日灼进程果实形态学与相关组分差异研究  

Study on the differences of fruit morphology and related components of Jumeigui grape in different sunburn sensitive phenophases and sunburn processes

作　　者：秦镜植 李群贤 何思婷 梁雲珍 范旭园 黄泳碧 钟挺威 何建军 白扬 朱秀梅 韩佳宇[4] 白先进[4] 王博[1] QIN Jingzhi;LI Qunxian;HE Siting;LIANG Yunzhen;FAN Xuyan;HUANG Yongbi;ZHONG Tingwei;HE Jianjun;BAI Yang;ZHU Xiumei;HAN Jiayu;BAI Xianjin;WANG Bo(College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,Guangxi,China;Guangxi Special Crop Research Institute,Guilin 541004,Guangxi,China;Guangxi Zhencheng Agriculture Co.,Ltd.,Nanning 530007,Guangxi,China;Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学农学院,南宁530004 [2]广西特色作物研究院,广西桂林541004 [3]广西真诚农业有限公司,南宁530007 [4]广西农业科学院,南宁530007

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第6期1135-1149,共15页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-29-22);广西自然科学基金项目(2023GXNSFBA026047);大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202310593068)。

摘　　要：【目的】探索巨玫瑰葡萄不同物候期日灼敏感差异的生理机制及不同日灼进程的果实形态学与相关组分变化。【方法】以一年两收栽培巨玫瑰葡萄夏果和冬果两个生长季各物候期的果实为试材,采用强光高温加热灯对果实进行人工诱导日灼处理,测定其发生日灼时的表面阈值温度和诱导一定时间后的日灼发生率,确定巨玫瑰葡萄不同物候期的日灼敏感性。观察和测定不同日灼敏感物候期的葡萄果实正常果以及不同日灼进程果实的解剖结构、总酚含量及矿质元素含量。【结果】一年两收栽培下巨玫瑰葡萄的夏果与冬果日灼较敏感的物候期均为E-L 31-32时期,相同人工诱导时间处理后冬果的日灼发生率显著低于夏果。日灼不敏感期(E-L 36)较日灼敏感期(E-L 31-32)的果实表皮细胞更大、角质层更平滑、排列更紧密整齐、淀粉粒更少。同时,日灼不敏感物候期中K、Ca、Mg元素含量均显著高于日灼敏感物候期,而总酚含量显著低于日灼敏感物候期,冬果中K、Ca元素含量显著高于夏果,而N、P元素含量显著低于夏果。在人工诱导果实日灼进程中,重度日灼果中N、P、K、Ca和Mg元素的含量均显著高于正常果。【结论】巨玫瑰葡萄在两收栽培模式下,夏果和冬果对日灼较敏感时期均为E-L 31-32时期,且冬果在一定程度上日灼敏感性低于夏果。巨玫瑰葡萄在不同物候期对日灼的敏感性也存在差异,这与果实解剖结构的蜡质层和表皮细胞壁特性、果实中的总酚含量有关,同时,日灼敏感性也与果实中K、Ca元素含量呈负相关,与N、P元素含量呈正相关。因此,在生产上预防巨玫瑰葡萄日灼可考虑在其日灼敏感物候期(E-L 31-32)前增施K、Ca肥。【Objective】Sunburn occurs in the vineyard as the result of a combination of high-light intensities,high temperature and UV radiation.Grape sunburn causes brown spots on the surface of the fruits,and the fruits shrink and wilt,which greatly reduces the quality and yield of the fruits and affects the economic income.Under the climatic conditions of high temperature and strong light in Guangxi,some grape varieties under the two-harvest-a-year cultivation mode have serious sunburn phenomenons.Here,in order to enrich the mechanism of grape sunburn and provide theoretical basis for prevention and control of the sunburn in production,we explored the differences in sunburn sensitivity and sunburn process between summer and winter fruits of Jumeigui grape under two-harvest cultivation modes.【Methods】From April to December 2022,in the grape planting base of Guangxi Zhencheng Agriculture Co.,Ltd.,Nanning,Guangxi,the berries of Jumeigui grape in different phenological periods of summer fruit and winter fruit under two-harvest-a-year cultivation modes were used as test materials.The sunburn of Jumeigui grapes in each phenological period was artificially induced by high-light and high-temperature heating lamp.The sunburn induction was stopped when the corresponding sunburn traits occurred on the berries.For each sampling phenological period,the threshold temperature on the surface of Jumeigui grapes was determined when the sunburn occurred and the incidence of sunburn berries was calculated after induction for a certain period of time.By comparing the incidence of the sunburn berries and the threshold temperature of sunburn,the typical sunburn sensitive and insensitive phenological periods of Jumeigui were determined.In the typical sunburn sensitive and insensitive phenological periods of the summer and winter fruits of Jumeigui,the paraffin section method was used to make sections and hematoxylin staining was used to study the anatomical structure of the berries during the different sunburn processes,namely“Normal b

关 键 词：巨玫瑰葡萄 两收栽培 日灼进程 日灼敏感性 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]