不同水肥条件对枣树生长和结实的影响  

Effects of different treatments of water and fertilization on growth and fruiting of Chinese jujube

作　　者：尚国丽 田春娇 刘志国 刘平[2,3] 王玖瑞[1] 刘孟军[2,3] SHANG Guoli;TIAN Chunjiao;LIU Zhiguo;LIU Ping;WANG Jiurui;LIU Mengjun(College of Forest,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,Hebei,China;College of Horticulture,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,Hebei,China;Research Center of Chinese Jujube,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学林学院,河北保定071000 [2]河北农业大学园艺学院,河北保定071000 [3]河北农业大学中国枣研究中心,河北保定071000

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第6期1160-1169,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(20326811D);天津市科技计划项目(22ZYCGSN00460)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究枣树生长与结实的适宜水肥条件,以期为太行山区鲜食枣月光和冬枣水肥管理提供参考。【方法】以河北农业大学-阜平现代枣业综合试验站月光和冬枣为材料,2021—2022年调查低水肥处理(每666.7 m^(2)年滴灌水10 t,水溶肥A 15 kg,水溶肥B 15 kg)、中水肥处理(每666.7 m^(2)年滴灌水12 t,水溶肥A 20 kg,水溶肥B 25 kg)、高水肥处理(每666.7 m^(2)年滴灌水14 t,水溶肥A 25 kg,水溶肥B 40 kg)和对照(CK,不施水肥)4种水肥条件对枣枝叶生长、开花和果实品质的影响。【结果】水肥条件对两个品种枣吊长度无显著影响。月光高水肥和冬枣中水肥处理后对新生枣头数、枣头长度、枣头二次枝长、枣吊花序数和枣吊成花数的促进作用最明显。中高水肥处理条件下,月光果实营养物质含量整体较高,而冬枣中水肥处理果实品质最佳。与对照比较,随着水肥量的增多,总体上两个品种叶片中N、P、K、Mg元素含量增多,Ca元素含量随水肥量的增多而减少。【结论】在太行山区月光和冬枣两个鲜食枣品种实施滴灌系统水肥管理中,应分别采用高、中水肥供应。【Objective】Chinese jujube has been cultivated in China for a long time.Rasonable water and fertilizer management is important for efficient cultivation and quality fruit production of the jujuba.The objective of this study was to explore the suitable water and fertilization management for the growth and fruiting of Chinese jujube and provide reference for water and fertilizer management of fresh cultivars Yueguang and Dongzao in the Taihang Mountain area of Hebei province.【Methods】This experiment was conducted at the Fuping Comprehensive Experimental Station of Chinese Jujube Industry,Hebei Agricultural University in Fuping County,Baoding City,Hebei Province from 2021 to 2022.5-year old Yueguang and Dongzao trees were used as the materials.Their branch and leaf growth(number of newly emerged jujube shoots,extension shoot length,extension shoot diameter,secondary shoot internode length,secondary shoot length of extension shoot,bearing shoot length,number of leaves per bearing shoot,content of N,P,K,Ca,Mg elements),flowering(number of inflorescence per bearing shoot and flowers per bearing shoot),and fruit quality(single fruit weight,longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,fruit shape index,vitamin C content,titratable acid content,soluble sugar content,soluble solid content,sugar acid ratio)were investigated under four conditions,including low water and fertilizer treatments(10 t of drip irrigation water,15 kg of water-soluble fertilizer A and 15 kg of water-soluble fertilizer B per 666.7 m^(2)per year),medium water and fertilizer treatments(12 t of drip irrigation water,20 kg of water-soluble fertilizer A and 25 kg of water-soluble fertilizer B per 666.7 m^(2)per year),high water and fertilizer treatments(14 t of drip irrigation water,25 kg of water-soluble fertilizer A and 40 kg of water-soluble fertilizer B per 666.7 m^(2)per year)and the control(no application of water and fertilizer,CK).【Results】The results showed that the different water and fertilization treatments had no significant effects o

关 键 词：枣 水肥 枝叶 果实 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]