农村宅基地制度改革的现实需求、主要困境与应对策略  

Realistic needs,main dilemmas,and response strategies of rural homestead system reform

作　　者：张婷[1] 陈美球[1] ZHANG Ting;CHEN Meiqiu(Research Center on Rural Land Resources Use and Protection,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学农村土地资源利用与保护研究中心,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《农林经济管理学报》2024年第3期387-394,共8页Journal of Agro-Forestry Economics and Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72364017、72004084);江西省高校人文社会科学重点研究基地项目(JD23052、JD22051)。

摘　　要：基于江西省农村宅基地制度改革实践经验,采用演绎归纳法分析农村宅基地制度改革的现实需求和面临的主要困境,并提出应对策略,为稳慎推进农村宅基地制度改革、促进乡村振兴提供实践参考。结果表明:1)农村宅基地制度改革有助于策应“三产融合”发展用地保障、农村人居环境改善、新时代文明乡风建设、农村社会治理提升等多维现实需求。2)改革面临村庄差异难以形成可推广的统一模式,村集体自组织能力偏弱使得改革内生动力形成难,政策稳定性不足导致宅基地历史问题处置难,退出宅基地再次利用优势不足使得闲置宅基地盘活难等现实困境。据此,深化农村宅基地制度改革,应坚持需求导向、系统思维、农民主体地位,以及先立后破的原则,对待历史遗留问题保持历史耐心,充分发挥村民的主人翁精神,把农村宅基地制度改革与乡村振兴战略融合,因村施策精准推进。Based on the practical experience of rural homestead reform in Jiangxi province,the paper uses inductive deductive method to analyze the practical needs and main dilemmas of the rural homestead system reform,and puts forward coping strategies so as to provide practical reference for steadily and prudently promoting the rural homestead system reform and rural revitalization.The results show that:1)Deepening the rural homestead system reform helps meet the multi-dimensional practical needs,such as the guarantee of land need for the development of“integration of three industries”,the improvement of the rural living environment,the construction of civilized rural customs in the new era,and the improvement of rural social governance.2)Rural homestead system reform also faces many practical difficulties.It is difficult to form a generalizable unified model because of village differences.The weak selforganization ability of village collectives makes it difficult to form endogenous driving force for reform.The lack of policy stability makes it difficult to deal with the historical problems of homesteads.Insufficient advantages of withdrawing from homesteads and reusing them renders it difficult to revitalize idle homesteads.Therefore,in deepening the rural homestead system reform,we should adhere to the principle of demandorientation,systematic thinking,the dominant position of farmers,and establishing before breaking down,maintain historical patience in dealing with problems left over from history,give full play to the spirit of villagers’ownership,integrate the rural homestead system reform with the strategy of rural revitalization,and implement precise reforms according to the policies of the village.

关 键 词：农村宅基地制度改革 现实需求 改革困境 应对策略 乡村振兴 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]