阻尼合金研究进展  

Research progress in damping alloys

作　　者：赵太霖 牛犇 王清[1,2] 董闯[1,2] ZHAO Tailin;NIU Ben;WANG Qing;DONG Chuang(Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser,Ion and Electron Beams(Ministry of Education),Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,Liaoning,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学三束材料改性教育部重点实验室,辽宁大连116024 [2]大连理工大学材料科学与工程学院,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《材料工程》2024年第6期109-121,共13页Journal of Materials Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52171152)。

摘　　要：阻尼合金作为一种能通过组织内部的缺陷运动使振动能转化为热能耗散的材料,兼具较高力学性能和一定功能特性,在航空航天、武器装备等领域的开发和研究具有重要意义。不同合金体系之间存在微观组织上的差异,即对阻尼起主导作用的缺陷种类不同,而组织缺陷的性质(种类、密度及可动性)是影响合金阻尼性能的关键因素。本文从组织缺陷(面缺陷、线缺陷和点缺陷)的角度出发,阐述了不同合金体系的阻尼源种类和性能特点,针对合金阻尼性能、力学性能以及功能特性(耐蚀性、铸造性能等)之间的关系综述了各类阻尼合金的发展现状,进而归纳出不同阻尼合金的发展规律和差异。最后,本文对阻尼合金的研究方向做出展望,由于合金阻尼源种类过于单一会严重限制减振性能的提升,而通过材料复合化及高熵合金化可实现合金中多种阻尼源的共存,产生多阻尼机制耦合效应,实现合金阻尼性能的二维扩展,改善合金力学性能及功能特性,为提升合金综合性能起到重要指导。Damping alloys can dissipate vibration energy into thermal energy through defective motion with high mechanical properties and functional characteristics,which have a great significance in the development and research of aerospace and military fields.There are differences in microstucture between different alloy systems.The types of defects that play a dominant role in damping are different,and the properties of structureal defect(type,density,and movability)are the key factors affecting the damping performance of alloys.The types and characteristics of damping source for different damping alloys systems were summarized from the perspective of defects(plane defects,line defects,and point defects).The relationship between damping capacity,mechanical properties,and functional properties(corrosion resistance,casting performance,etc.)was reviewed,the development status of various damping alloys was summarized,and then the development laws and differences of damping alloys were concluded.Finally,the research direction of damping alloys is prospected.The single type of damping source will seriously limit the improvement of the material damping capacity.While the design concepts of composite materials and high-entropy alloys allow for the coexistence of multiple damping sources,which produces the coupling effect of multiple damping mechanisms that can realize the two-dimensional expansion of damping capacity,and improve mechanical properties and functionalities.The design concepts will play a significant guide to enhance comprehensive performance of damping alloys.

关 键 词：阻尼合金 缺陷 高熵合金 多阻尼机制 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]