政府数据开放平台效率评估及影响因素实证研究——基于无导向SBM-Malmquist-Tobit模型  

Empirical Study on Efficiency Evaluation and Influencing Factors of Open Government Data Portals——Based on the Non-Directional SBM-Malmquist-Tobit Model

作　　者：吴应强 李白杨[2] 石乐怡 Wu Yingqiang;Li baiyang;Shi Leyi(School of Information Management,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;Research Institute for Data Management Innovation,Nanjing University,Jiangsu 215163,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学信息管理学院,湖北武汉430072 [2]南京大学数据管理创新研究中心,江苏苏州215163

出　　处：《现代情报》2024年第7期74-83,共10页Journal of Modern Information

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“我国政府信息公开到数据开放的理论创新与实践路径研究”(项目编号:22&ZD329)。

摘　　要：[目的/意义]效率评估有利于掌握平台开放效率情况。将SBM、Malmquist和Tobit模型结合起来,形成一个综合评估框架,不仅可以评估当前效率,还可以分析效率变化趋势和影响因素,为政府数据开放平台效率评估提供新的方法借鉴。[方法/过程]以2019-2022年中国10个省市政府数据开放平台的“投入-产出”面板数据作为数据来源,利用无导向SBM模型不需要预设生产可能性边界方向的特性,使平台效率评估更加灵活和全面;利用Malmquist指数可衡量时间序列数据效率变化的特性,帮助平台识别效率演变趋势;利用Tobit模型适用于分析截尾数据的特性,帮助识别效率背后各影响因素的作用机理。[结果/结论]省市政府数据开放平台效率水平整体呈上升趋势,平均增长率为17.1%,其中深圳、广东表现较为突出,平台通过优化流程、提高服务质量、增强用户体验、提升运营模式等措施,使整体效率得到了显著提升,为其他平台促进开放效率和成效提供了可借鉴的经验;平台的全要素生产率(M指数)平均增长率为17.1%,表明技术进步,但技术效率平均值下降,存在浪费或无效率问题。规模效率平均增长率为14.5%,但纯技术效率下降,表明平台需更注重提升纯技术效率;政府数据开放平台受到平台数据综合水平、数据平台建设水平、组织准备度、财政支持水平和公众外部需求的交叉正向影响。数据的多样性、质量及可用性,以及平台的功能设计、用户体验等方面是提升效率的关键因素,政府的重视程度、财政支持和社会公众的需求直接影响平台的综合效率水平。[Purpose/Significance]Efficiency evaluation is beneficial for understanding the status of platform openness efficiency.Combining the SBM,Malmquist,and Tobit models to form a comprehensive evaluation framework not only assesses current efficiency but also analyzes trends in efficiency changes and influencing factors.This provides a new methodological reference for the efficiency evaluation of government data open portals.[Method/Process]Using the“input-output”panel data of government data open portals in 10 provinces and cities in China from 2019 to 2022,the direction-free SBM model was utilized for its flexibility and comprehensiveness in platform efficiency evaluation without the need to preset the direction of the production possibility frontier.The Malmquist index was employed for its ability to measure efficiency changes in time-series data,aiding in identifying trends in platform efficiency evolution.The Tobit model,suitable for analyzing censored data,helped identify the mechanisms behind various influencing factors of efficiency.[Results/Conclusion]The efficiency level of provincial and municipal government data open portals generally shows an upward 17.1%.Shenzhen and Guangdong have shown particularly notable performances.Through optimizing processes,improving service quality,enhancing user experience,and upgrading operational models,the overall efficiency has been significantly enhanced,providing referential experiences for other portals to promote open efficiency and effectiveness.The total factor productivity(M index)of the platform has an average growth rate of 17.1%,indicating technological progress,but the average value of technical efficiency has decreased,pointing to waste or inefficiency issues.The average growth rate of scale efficiency is 14.5%,but pure technical efficiency has declined,indicating that portals need to focus more on improving pure technical efficiency.Government data open portals are positively influenced by the comprehensive level of platform data,data platform construction

关 键 词：政府数据开放 平台 门户网站 效率评估 影响因素 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学] G203[政治法律—中外政治制度]