航天用碳纳米管增强铝合金复合材料的力学与阻尼性能  

Mechanical Properties and Damping Capacity of CNT Reinforced Aluminum Maxtrix Composites

作　　者：黄静宏 邹仁珍 陈航 朱帅 江燕 范根莲[1] 谭占秋[1] 李志强[1] 张荻[1] HUANG Jinghong;ZOU Rezhen;CHEN Hang;ZHU Shuai;JIANG Yan;FAN Genlian;TAN Zhanqiu;LI Zhiqiang;ZHANG Di(State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;Shanghai Electro-Mechanical Engineering Institute,Shanghai 201109,China;Shanghai Aerospace Equipments Manufacturer,Shanghai 200245,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学金属基复合材料国家重点实验室材料科学与工程学院,上海200240 [2]上海机电工程研究所,上海201109 [3]上海航天设备制造总厂有限公司,上海200245

出　　处：《上海航天（中英文）》2024年第3期103-109,共7页Aerospace Shanghai（Chinese&English）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52171143、52192592、52192595);中国航天科技集团公司第八研究院产学研合作基金(USCAST2022‑01)。

摘　　要：碳纳米管(CNT)作为增强体的铝基复合材料(CNT/Al)具有轻质、高强、高模量、易加工的性能优势,用作轻量化材料在航天航空领域具有巨大的应用前景。为了获得兼顾其力学性能和阻尼性能的轻量化结构材料,采用叠片粉末冶金与合金化方法制备了质量分数为1.5%CNT/2A12复合材料,并研究了不同时效条件下的力学性能与阻尼性能。在130℃时效6~14 h时,复合材料具有最佳的拉伸强度与延伸率,抗拉强度最高可达595 MPa(时效12 h),延伸率最高可达14.0%(时效8 h)。复合材料的阻尼在0~180℃时变化不大,其在0.005左右,180~300℃时明显提高,300℃时可达0.05,阻尼性能受时效时间影响不大。复合材料的储存模量随测试温度升高而下降,在180~300℃时随振动频率升高而升高。时效条件为130℃-8 h时,质量分数1.5%CNT/2A12复合材料性能兼具良好的力学性能与阻尼性能。Carbon nanotube(CNT)reinforced aluminum matrix(CNT/Al)composites have the advantages of light weight,high strength,high modulus,and easy processing,and have a great application prospect in the aerospace field as lightweight materials.In order to obtain a lightweight structural material with both good mechanical properties and perfect damping capacity,the 1.5%(mass fraction)CNT/2A12 composite is prepared by flake powder metallurgy and elemental alloying.When the composite is aged at 130℃for 6~14 h,it exhibits high tensile strength and good ductility.The tensile strength is up to 595 MPa at 12 h of aging,and the elongation is up to 14.0%at 8 h of aging.The damping capacity of the composite is about 0.005 at 0~180℃,but significantly increases at 180~300℃,reaching 0.05 at 300℃.The damping capacity is hardly affected by the aging time.The storage modulus of the composite decreases when the test temperature increases,and increases at 180~300℃when the vibration frequency increases.Taking the overall properties into consideration,at 130℃and 8 h,the 1.5%(mass fraction)CNT/2A12 composite has the optimal mechanical properties and damping capacity.

关 键 词：CNT/2A12复合材料 热处理 力学性能 阻尼性能 储存模量 

分 类 号：TG115.21[金属学及工艺—物理冶金] TG115.5[金属学及工艺—金属学]