数据资源持有权的法律功能与规范构造  

The Legal Function and Formative Construction of Rights to Hold Data Resources

作　　者：王年 WANG Nian

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院 [2]武汉大学网络治理研究院数据法治研究中心

出　　处：《上海政法学院学报（法治论丛）》2024年第3期137-152,共16页Journal of Shanghai University of Political Science & Law(The Rule of Law Forum)

摘　　要：数据产权“三权分置”政策法律化的首要问题是探明数据资源持有权在数据“三权分置”中的功能定位,完成数据资源持有权规范构造。由数据产权“三权分置”协调与平衡数据来源者、数据持有者和数据使用者之间利益的根本目标所决定,数据资源持有权既非一项“权能”,亦非单纯的“数据使用权”,而是在数据产权“三权分置”中居于核心地位,具有客体转化、合法性确证、目的性控制和利用终止功能的归属性产权。数据资源持有权的客体应是以数字化形式存在的、依法依规可用于流通使用的公共数据和企业数据集合。数据资源持有权的主体为合法、安全地生产和控制数据付出了劳动和其他成本,并对数据利用的目的和方式具有决定性作用的自然人、法人和非法人组织。数据资源持有权人可通过行使持有权、管理权、使用权、取回权、收益权等权能实现对数据资源的自主管控和收益。The primary issue,in the legalization of the"Tripartite Entitlement System on Data Property Rights"policy,is to identify the function of the rights to hold data resources and complete relevant legal regulations.Determined by the fundamental objective of"tripartite entitlement system"of data property rights to harmonize and balance the interests of data sources,data holders and data users,the right to hold data resources is neither an"empowerment",nor a simple"right of using data",but rather a reversionary property right with object transformation,legitimacy confirmation,purposive control and utilization termination function,as the core of the"tripartite entitlement system of data property rights"structure.The object of the right to hold data resources should be collections of public and corporate data in digitized form that are legally available for circulation and use.The subject of the right to hold data resources should be natural persons,legal persons and unincorporated organizations that have paid labor and other costs for the legal and secure production and control of data and have a decisive role in the purpose and manner of data utilization.And the holder of right to data resources can achieve the autonomous control and earnings of data resources by exercising the right to hold,manage,use,retrieve and benefit.

关 键 词：数据产权“三权分置” 数据资源持有权 权利功能 权利构造 《数据二十条》 

分 类 号：DF0-052[政治法律—法学理论]