芬太尼问题与中美关系  

Fentanyl-related Issues in Sino-American Relations

作　　者：查道炯[1] Zha Daojiong

机构地区：[1]北京大学国际关系学院、南南合作与发展学院,100871

出　　处：《国际政治研究》2024年第2期101-119,7,8,共21页The Journal of International Studies

摘　　要：芬太尼自70年前问世以来,因其既是为满足镇痛管理的正当合理需求而成为不断被研发和生产的药物,又因合成化学知识和技术被国际毒品市场滥用,从而成为各国药物监管、司法、国际禁毒合作的常规性挑战。中美两国的科学研究、医疗和执法部门在芬太尼问题上走过了40多年的机制性交流与合作的过程。拜登政府延续特朗普政府的政策取向,不仅在2023年11月中美元首会晤场合将在美国更严重的芬太尼物质滥用与中国管理涉芬太尼物质的跨国流动程度直接挂钩,而且将之提到与军事交流同等重要的高度,芬太尼问题在两国关系中的分量俨然具有杠杆性。但是,在中美两国,芬太尼问题的叙事都具有多元性。更有效地监管芬太尼物质的跨国流通、打击过程中的违规和非法行为,有赖于双方都从功能性合作的理念出发,强化公共卫生和司法合作两大领域的互动机制。Since its introduction in the 1970s,fentanyl has undergone continuous development and production as a medical product to meet legitimate needs in pain management.Meanwhile,fentanyl and fentanyl-related substances became a formidable challenge for various countries'regulatory and judicial bodies as well as international cooperation in narcotics control,resulting from abuse by the world's illicit drug markets of scientific knowledge and technologies of synthetic chemistry.For over forty years,Chinese and American epistemic communities of scientific research,medical care,and law enforcement cooperated over fentanyl related issues.The Biden administration,continuing Trump administration policies,drew a causal linkage between the level of cooperation with China and abatement of fentanyl overdose cases in the United States,fentanyl-related issues risks becoming pivotal in the evolution of overall bilateral relations between the two countries.This can be seen in the U.S.putting the urgency on resumption of counternarcotics cooperation on par with that that of military contact at the Sino-American summit meeting in November 2023.But in both China and the United States,narratives about fentanyl-related issues are multiple.For the purpose of more effective regulation of cross-national flows of fentanyl-related substances and combat unregulated and illegal activities,both sides should proceed from faith in functional cooperation and strengthen interactions in the fields of public health and judicial cooperation.

关 键 词：非传统安全 芬太尼 芬太尼问题 中美关系 禁毒合作 公共卫生 司法合作 

分 类 号：D822.371.2[政治法律—政治学] D523.36[政治法律—外交学]