从主权国家到民族国家——国际关系理论研究基点的再思考  

From Sovereign-statetoNation-state:Rethinking the Bedrock Unit of International Relations Research

作　　者：张萍[1] Zhang Ping

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学杂志社,100026

出　　处：《国际政治研究》2024年第2期139-160,8,共23页The Journal of International Studies

摘　　要：主权国家和民族国家是国际关系理论中出现频率非常高的概念,同指现代国际体系中的国家行为体,但两者并不等同。主权国家是由博丹的主权理论所塑造的国家。博丹的主权理论意在消解教权对王权的干涉。而经过格劳秀斯、霍布斯等思想家的不断丰富,主权不仅成为国家这一政治行为体的本质属性,而且使得国家显现出两个基本特征,即拥有至高无上、不容侵犯的国格,并得到其他主权国家的承认。主权国家提升了国家之间建构国际社会的能力,加速了欧洲国际体系的形成。及至资产阶级革命到来,在启蒙思想家的重塑下,主权又成为对抗王权的重要工具,人民以主权承担者的姿态登上历史舞台,民族国家成为主权国家的新形态,并获得了更多基于族群、语言、宗教等方面的身份意义,民族认同由此成为国家认同的重要议题。主权国家反映的是国家自产生以来的一种共有属性,而民族国家只是在特定历史阶段出现的主权国家的一种类型。Sovereign-state and nation-state are two key concepts in IR theories,referring to state actors in the modern international system.But they are not the same.A sovereign-state is a state shaped by Bodin's theory of sovereignty.Bodin's theory of sovereignty was intended to dispel the interference of church power in the power of monarchs.Through the continuous theoretical enrichment by Grotius,Hobbes,and other thinkers,sovereignty was considered the essential attribute of the state as a political actor.With it,the state possessed two basic characteristics:a supreme and inviolable national personality,and recognition by other sovereign-states.This then enhanced the ability of sovereign-states to build an international society and accelerated the formation of the European international system.With the coming of the bourgeois revolution,under the influence of Enlightenment thinkers,sovereignty became an important instrument against monarchy.The people owned the sovereignty,and the nation-state quickly became a new form of sovereign-state and gained identity based on ethnicity,language,and religion,so national identification became an important issue of state distinctiveness.Sovereignty represents the common attribute of a state since its formation,but the nation-state is only a type of sovereign-state that emerged at a specific historical stage.

关 键 词：国际关系理论 主权 主权国家 民族国家 国际体系 国家行为体 

分 类 号：D80[政治法律—政治学]