明清漕船数字性质考释  

A Textual Research on the Nature of Caochuan Number in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：阮宝玉 Ruan Baoyu

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学人文学院,金华321004

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第3期83-93,244,共12页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“清代碑刻中的价格数据整理与研究”(20CZS035)。

摘　　要：明清漕运文献记载着不少带分的漕船数字和“名只”这样的复合单位,揭示了漕运体制超越实物经济运作的一面。带分的漕船数字主要有两大类,一是原则上每年打造漕船总数十分之一的岁造之数,在造船经费开销册中,变为造船厂等单位每年的原额经费,是经费开销标准,而非实造。其二是减船数,体现了减存银米征收从以运丁为主向以船为主转变的过程,漕船演变为纳税、核算单位,一船一户名,由此产生了计数单位“名只”,漕船中生活着何人、以何种形式应役变得不再重要。通过深入分析漕船数字的性质,有助于我们从运军、州县、造船厂、卫所、仓场、户部等不同主体层面的账目文本系统中理解明清漕运的演变。The documents of Caochuan in the Ming and Qing dynasties recorded many fraction number of ships and its unit"Mingzhi",which revealed that the canal transport system transcended physical operation.There were mainly two categories of the fraction numbers.First,in principle,one tenth of the total number of ships were built every year.In the shipbuilding expenditure book,it was actually the original annual expenditure of shipyards and other units.It was the expenditure standard rather than the actual production.The second was the number of reducing ships,which reflected that the focus of the collection of Jiancun silver and rice changed from Yun-ding to ships.The ship evolved into a tax paying unit,with one ship and one household name.As a result,the counting unit"Mingzhi"came into being.It no longer mattered who lived in the ship and what form of service they took.Through the deep analysis of the nature of ship numbers,we could understand the evolution of water transportation in the Ming and Qing dynasties from the different text accounts system of Yunjun,local government,shipyards,Wei-suo,warehouses,and ministries.

关 键 词：漕船 岁造 减存 纳税单位 名只 

分 类 号：F552.9[经济管理—产业经济] K248[历史地理—历史学]