制造领袖:近代华北乡村治理进程中的精英塑造——基于青苗会会首群体的考察  

The Making of Leaders--Elite Shaping in the Process of Modern Rural Governance in North China

作　　者：王洪兵[1] Wang Hongbing

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学中国社会史研究所,青岛266100

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第3期109-124,244,245,共18页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国近代社会组织和国家基层治理文献整理与研究”(23&ZD248)。

摘　　要：清末民初,华北乡村社会秩序动荡,国家仅凭正式行政体制难以实现对乡村社会的有效控制,国家赖以维持乡村秩序的乡里组织也趋于没落,成为可有可无的政治点缀。在此背景之下,华北青苗会组织逐渐兴起,统合乡里组织以及士绅、宗族等各方势力,形成了以青苗会会首为核心的乡村治理体系。华北青苗会会首兼具士绅、宗族等乡村精英的多重身份,凭藉其物质财富、个人威望、社会地位维护乡村社会利益的同时,加强村庄与官府的沟通,实现乡村社会的简约治理。在推进乡村治理的进程中,青苗会会首被塑造为官民公认的村庄领袖。During the period of late Qing and early Republic,the social order in rural areas of North China was turbulent,and it was difficult for the state to effectively control rural society solely through the formal administrative system.The village organizations that the state relied on to maintain rural order also tended to decline,becoming dispensable political embellishments.In this context,the Green Crops Society gradually emerged,integrating various forces such as township organizations,gentry,and clans,forming a rural governance system with the Green Crops Society as the core.The head of the Green Crops Society holds multiple identities as rural elites such as gentry and clans,relying on their material wealth,personal prestige,and social status to maintain rural social interests while strengthening communication between villages and officials,realizing minimal governance in rural society.In the process of promoting rural governance,the Green Crops Society has been shaped as a recognized village leader among the government and thepeople.

关 键 词：近代华北 青苗会 乡村治理 村庄领袖 宗族与士绅 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] D693[政治法律—中外政治制度] K25[历史地理—历史学]