《白氏长庆集》奏状所见谏官与词臣二重身份——再论除京兆府户曹参军对白居易宦途之影响  

A Remonstrance Official or a Rescript Writer?An Analysis of Bai Juyi's Official Status and External Appointment from Memorials in Collection of Bai Juyi's Works

作　　者：徐畅[1] Xu Chang

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学历史学院,北京100875

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第3期136-152,245,共18页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：北京师范大学历史学院青年教师发展资助项目。

摘　　要：白居易是唐代历史和文学史上均具代表性的人物,历唐代宗至唐宣宗九朝,为官二十任,存文集七十卷,诗歌三千余首,具有诗人和文官双重身份。综观白居易的仕宦历程,元和三至五年任左拾遗、翰林学士,以及拾遗任满后迁京兆府户曹参军阶段,可视为承上启下的转折点。文学史上素来强调讽谕诗写作与谏官职务的履行,而傅璇琮据制度史视角指出此阶段白居易实在翰林院供职,拾遗及京兆判司俱为本官,不存在由谏官为地方官的转折。实际宪宗期处职官制度变化期,官职分离的差遣尚未定型,通过对《白氏长庆集》所收元和初奏状的上奏身份进行定位,可贴近在制度罅隙的个人行为。白居易利用谏官与词臣二重身份,达到积极参与朝政目的,而由于直谏太过触怒龙颜,其宦途发展不得不逸出既定轨道。改京兆府官、丁忧后不及时起复以及江州之贬,均可视为宪宗对白居易过度言事之惩戒。Bai Juyi was a representative figure in both Tang history and literary history,possessing dual identities as a poet and a literati bureaucrat.During Bai Juyi's official career,the early years of the Yuanhe era of Emperor Xianzong was undoubtedly an important stage.In this period Bai Juyi had three identities:a remonstrance official,a rescript writer,and a poet,which is almost a consensus among scholars of Chinese literary history.However,Fu Xuancong,from the perspective of institutional history,pointed out that Bai Juyi actually worked in the Hanlin Academy and did not serve as a remonstrance official in the Chancellery.This study started with the memorials from collected works of Bai during the Yuanhe era.By analyzing the original text,all memorials could be distinguished as follows:Hanlin academician's submissions and censorial protests.The existence of the latter text responds to the question of whether Bai Juyi fulfilled his duties as a remonstrance official.In addition,a reflection was also made on the incident of Bai Juyi's external appointment in Jingzhao Prefecture,so it is believed that the main decision-maker was actually Emperor Xianzong.

关 键 词：《白氏长庆集》 奏状 谏官 词臣 白居易 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] K242[政治法律—中外政治制度] I206.2[历史地理—历史学]