蒙古族地区在校学生月经模式的调查分析  

Analysis of the menstruation pattern of female students in Mongolian area

作　　者：宋阳光 许芮豪 邓国艳 胡那顺 许玉萍 斯琴其木格 呼格吉乐图[3] 包金花[3] 杨硕 孙立文 张斌 王尚明 张树成 吴尚纯 SONG Yangguang;XU Ruihao;DENG Guoyan;HU Nashun;XU Yuping;SIQIN Qimuge;HUGE Jiletu;BAO Jinhua;YANG Shuo;SUN Liwen;ZHANG Bin;WANG Shangming;ZHANG Shucheng;WU Shangchun(National Research Institute for Family Planning,Beijing.100081;Nei Monggol Tongliao Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital;The Hospital Affiliated to MINZU University of Inner Mongolia)

机构地区：[1]国家卫生健康委科学技术研究所,北京100081 [2]内蒙古自治区通辽市妇产医院 [3]内蒙古民族大学附属医院

出　　处：《中国计划生育学杂志》2024年第6期1252-1259,共8页Chinese Journal of Family Planning

基　　金：国家科技基础性工作专项(2013FY110500,2006FY230400,2003DEB5J047)。

摘　　要：目的:调查我国蒙古族地区在校女生月经初潮和月经模式相关情况。方法:通过横断面整群抽样调查方法,在统一规范标准下,于2013-2018年在内蒙古通辽地区对在校女生进行问卷和一对一当面问询调查。结果:调查完成4052人(汉族1872人,蒙古族2180人)女生,调查成功率97.1%。月经初潮年龄为(12.9±1.1)岁,汉族(12.8±1.1)岁,蒙古族(12.9±1.1)岁,两者有统计学差异(t=4.30,P=0.000)。次经(初潮后第2次月经)发生在初潮后1、2、4、6个月内者累积率分别为65.8%、82.1%、92.9%、97.7%。月经进入稳定状态在初潮后1、2、4、6个月内累积率分别为5.0%、15.0%、50.1%、94.9%,农村女生更早进入月经稳定状态(χ^(2)=21.49,P=0.001)。月经周期正常者占72.2%,汉族和蒙古族有统计学差异(χ^(2)=4.05,P=0.044)。经期4~7d者占81.1%,经量表现为少、较少、一般、较多和多分别占4.7%、7.9%、69.1%、10.7%和7.6%。大部分女生均会出现痛经症状,随月经发生时间延长逐渐增多(52.5%~84.1%);痛经程度轻度占72.1%(轻微47.3%,一般24.7%),中度占26.5%,重者占1.5%,在城镇与农村间具有统计学差异(χ^(2)=20.52,P=0.000)。结论:蒙古族地区在校女生月经初潮年龄汉族早于蒙古族,初潮后农村女生更早进入月经稳定状态,汉族女生与蒙古族女生月经周期有差异,大部分女生有痛经,程度较轻,城镇与农村间差异明显。Objective:To investigate the menarche and the menstruation patterns of female students in Mongolian areas of China.Methods:Cross-sectional cluster sampling was used to investigate the menstruation pattern of the female students in Tongliao from 2013 to 2018 by one-to-one and face-to-face interviews under the unified standard.Results:A total of 4052 female students(1872 Han nationality and 2180 Mongolian nationality)were investigated,with a success rate of 97.1%.The mean age of the menarche of the female students was 12.9±1.1 years old,and which of the Han and Mongolian female students were 12.8±1.1 years old and 12.9±1.1 years old.There was significant difference in the mean age of menarche between the Han female students and the Mongolian female students(t=4.30,P=0.000).The incidences of the second menstrual period of the female students within 1,2,4 and 6 months after menarche were 65.8%,82.1%,92.9%and 97.7%,respectively.The cumulative rates of the menstruation stable state of the female students within 1,2,4 and 6 months after menarche were 65.8%,82.1%,92.9%and 97.7%,respectively.The time of the menstruation stable state of the female students from rural area was significantly earlier than that of the female students from urban area(χ^(2)=21.49,P=0.001).The proportion of the female students with normal menstrual cycle was 72.2%,and which had significant difference of the female students between Han nationality and Mongolian nationality(χ^(2)=4.05,P=0.044).The proportion of the menstrual period of 4-7 days of the female students accounted for 81.1%.The proportions of the little,less,average,more and much more menstrual volume of the female students were 4.7%,7.9%,69.1%,10.7%and 7.6%,respectively.Most female students had dysmenorrhea,and the rate of the dysmenorrhea of female students had increased gradually with their prolong menstruation(52,5%-84.1%).The dysmenorrhea degree of the female students included the mild dysmenorrhea of 72.1%(the slight dysmenorrhea of47.3%and the general dysmenorrhea of 24.7%),

关 键 词：月经模式 月经初潮 青春期 女生 月经紊乱 痛经 

分 类 号：R173[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]