敦煌吐鲁番等诸民族间丧仪葬俗之交流——以汉藏回鹘西夏《十王经》存本谈起  

Exchanges of Folk Rituals and Customs between Peoples in Turfan and Dunhuang——A Discussion Based on Extant Chinese,Tibetan,Uighur and Tangut Versions of the Sutra of the Ten Kings

作　　者：张总[1,2] ZHANG Zong(Institute of World Religions,Chinese Academy of Social Science,Beijing 100732;Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710119 Shaanxi)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界宗教研究所敦煌学研究中心,北京100732 [2]陕西师范大学人文科学高等研究院,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《敦煌研究》2024年第2期1-14,共14页Dunhuang Research

摘　　要：敦煌与吐鲁番地区都是中古时期诸多民族聚汇、也是诸多宗教交融之地,诸民族的丧葬仪俗也会存在交流融通,现虽详考明述还较困难,但借助中古广泛影响民俗丧仪的《十王经》来作某种探查或为可行。敦吐两地都出有汉与回鹘经本,此经现知还有西夏与西藏本,敦煌又由汉、藏、回鹘、西夏诸族主导过当地政权。因而,藉此窗口线索考察诸宗教民族丧俗因素,或可了解诸族宗教之交流并获知古代中华民族共同体的意识状态。Dunhuang and Turfan were both places where many different ethnic groups lived together in medieval China,and in which many religions and cultural practices converged.Sustained contact led naturally to the blending of funeral rituals and customs.Though it remains difficult to conduct detailed research at present based on available historical manuscripts,textual research of the Sutra of the Ten Kings has proven to be a fruitful method because the text exerted widespread influence on medieval funeral rituals and folk customs in the region.Chinese and Uighur versions of this sutra have been unearthed at both Dunhuang and Turfan,while several versions in Tangut and Tibetan have also survived until today.Over the course of its history,Dunhuang was successively ruled by different ethnic groups,including the Han,Tibetan,Uighur and Tangut.Studying the funeral practices of different ethnic groups and religions based on the interpretation of the Sutra of the Ten Kings that was popular at different times throughout history has revealed much about the exchanges between different peoples and religions at Dunhuang,as well as deepened our understanding of the way that disparate groups perceived themselves as belonging to a single community.

关 键 词：十王经 十王图 丧仪 葬俗 回鹘 西夏 西藏 摩尼教 拜火教 

分 类 号：H211[语言文字—少数民族语言] K892.2[历史地理—民俗学]