超大规格中华绒螯蟹繁殖性能和育苗效果评价  

Evaluation on reproductive performance and breeding effect of super-sized Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis)

作　　者：殷乐 姜晓东 成永旭[1,2,4] 吴旭干[1,2,4] YIN Le;JIANG Xiaodong;CHENG Yongxu;WU Xugan(National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Institute of Mariculture Breeding and Seed Industry,Zhejiang Wanli University,Ningbo 315100,Zhejiang,China;Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学农业农村部淡水种质资源重点实验室,上海201306 [3]浙江万里学院宁海海洋生物种业研究院,浙江宁波315100 [4]上海海洋大学水产动物遗传育种中心上海市协同创新中心,上海201306

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2024年第3期606-614,共9页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：浙江省长兴县科技局农业科技项目(2022N13);上海市崇明区科委农业科技项目(CK2022-37)。

摘　　要：中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)人工繁殖过程中亲本规格差别较大,目前大多选用超大规格亲本繁育子代,尚不清楚超大规格亲本的生殖性能及其繁育效果,本研究以超大规格亲本(规格Ⅰ:雌体300 g,雄体400 g)为研究对象,以小规格亲本(规格Ⅱ:雌体150 g,雄体250 g)为对照,比较不同亲本规格对其生殖性能和胚胎质量的影响,并进一步讨论两种规格亲本的生态繁育效果。结果表明:(1)生殖性能方面,规格Ⅱ亲本在配对期间的抱卵率一直显著高于规格Ⅰ亲本,但两规格亲本的最终抱卵率接近;虽然规格Ⅰ亲本的抱卵量显著高于规格Ⅱ亲本,但亲本成活率、生殖力及生殖指数均显著低于规格Ⅱ亲本;两规格亲本在卵经、卵重及胚胎常规生化方面无显著差异。(2)就育苗效果而言,饵料投喂量在幼体培育期间呈先增后减的变化趋势,其中溞Ⅴ变态为大眼幼体期间明显饵料投喂量最高,且规格Ⅱ组幼体的饵料日投喂量整体高于规格Ⅰ组幼体;虽然规格Ⅰ亲本单蟹产苗量显著高于规格Ⅱ亲本,但单位面积产量显著低于规格Ⅱ亲本;此外,规格Ⅰ亲本所产大眼幼体的淡化率也低于规格Ⅱ亲本。综上,虽然超大规格亲本的抱卵量和单蟹产苗量显著高于小规格亲本,但超大规格亲本的抱卵速度、成活率及淡化率均明显低于小规格亲本,如何通过营养调控提高超大规格亲本的繁殖性能有待进一步研究。The Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis)is an important economic crab in China.It occupies an important position in the fishery economy,with an annual output value of more than 100 billion yuan.Although there are five E.sinensis varieties approved by China National Committee for Original and Improved Aquatic Species,they cannot fully meet the diversified needs of E.sinensis breeding industry.The breeding of super-sized E.sinensis broodstock has been a revolution in the crab industry since 2019.The use of offspring of super-sized broodstock for adult crab culture has indeed effectively improved the crab cultivation specifications.Super-sized broodstocks can produce a large number of eggs,and the offspring of super-sized broodstocks have obvious growth advantages at the juvenile crab stage and the adult crab culturing stage,and the price of megalopa bred by super-sized broodstocks is also relatively high.Therefore,nursery workers tend to use super-sized crabs as broodstocks for breeding work.However,in the artificial breeding process,the selection of broodstock weight of E.sinensis varies greatly.Now,it is popular to use super-sized broodstock to breed offspring,but the reproductive performance and breeding effect of super-sized broodstock are not clear.In this study,the broodstock of super-sized strains(SizeⅠ:dam weight≥300 g,sire weight≥400 g)were used as the experimental object,and the broodstock with smaller size(SizeⅡ:dam weight≥150 g,sire weight≥250 g)were used as the control group.The effects of broodstock sizes on reproductive performance and egg quality were compared,and the ecological breeding effects of these two strains were further discussed.The results showed that:(1)In terms of reproductive performance,the survival rate,fecundity and reproductive effort of SizeⅠbroodstock were significantly lower than those of SizeⅡ,and the egg production was significantly higher than that of SizeⅡ;There were no significant differences in egg diameter,egg weight,moisture,crude protein,total lipid

关 键 词：中华绒螯蟹 亲本规格 生殖性能 胚胎质量 繁育效果 

分 类 号：S966.16[农业科学—水产养殖]