新型动物纳米疫苗佐剂的作用机制与研发进展  

Functional Mechanism and Advances of Novel Nano-adjuvants for Animal Vaccines

作　　者：曲杨 徐山根 赵凯[1,2] QU Yang;XU Shangen;ZHAOKai(Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology of Ministry of Education,Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region,School of Life Sciences,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,China;Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation,Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomedicine and Advanced Dosage Forms,School of Life Sciences,Taizhou University,Taizhou 318000,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学生命科学学院、农业微生物技术教育部工程研究中心、黑龙江省寒区植物基因与生物发酵重点实验室,哈尔滨150080 [2]台州学院生命科学学院、浙江省植物进化生态学与保护重点实验室、台州市生物医药与高端剂型重点实验室,台州318000

出　　处：《中国生物工程杂志》2024年第5期78-89,共12页China Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32370987);浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”研发攻关计划(2022C02031);浙江省重点研发计划(2021C02049);台州市科技计划(23gya02)资助项目。

摘　　要：目前,动物疫苗佐剂主要以铝佐剂和油乳佐剂为主,存在免疫效果差、副作用明显等问题,亟须安全有效的新型佐剂替代。随着纳米颗粒在佐剂应用领域研究的深入,其良好的免疫增强作用、生物相容性、纳米尺寸效应、抗原负载能力、抗原缓释效应和组织靶向性等优势引起了研究人员的极大关注,有望作为新型动物疫苗佐剂用于动物疾病防治。迄今为止,针对如猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征、猪流行性腹泻、非洲猪瘟、牛病毒性腹泻、口蹄疫、禽流感和新城疫等重要动物传染病纳米疫苗的研究取得了重大进展。综述总结了国内外动物疫苗纳米颗粒佐剂的应用及作用机制,分析了影响纳米颗粒佐剂免疫增强效果的理化因素,以期为新型动物疫苗佐剂研制及开发提供参考。Currently,most animal vaccine adjuvants are aluminum salt adjuvants and oil emulsion adjuvants,which have disadvantages such as poor immune efficacy and apparent adverse effects.Therefore,a safe and effective new adjuvant replacement is urgently needed.With the further research of nanoparticles in the field of adjuvant application,the advantages of nanoparticle adjuvants,such as good biocompatibility,immune enhancement,nano-size effect,antigen loading capacity,antigen sustained release effect and tissue targeting,have attracted researchers’interest.Nanoparticle adjuvants are expected to be used as a new animal vaccine adjuvant for the prevention and treatment of animal diseases.To date,significant progress has been made in researching nano-vaccines for animal diseases such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome,porcine epidemic diarrhea,African swine fever,bovine viral diarrhea mucosal disease,foot-and-mouth disease,avian influenza and Newcastle disease.This review not only summarizes the application and mechanism of animal vaccine nanoparticle adjuvants in domestic and international research status,but also includes the analysis results of physical and chemical factors affecting the immune-enhancing effect of nanoparticle adjuvants,in order to provide reference for the development of new animal vaccine adjuvants.

关 键 词：动物疫苗 纳米颗粒佐剂 免疫效果 作用机制 影响因素 

分 类 号：Q819[生物学—生物工程]