实践样态与路径选择:网络平台用户数据合理利用法律规则的构建  

Practice Patterns and Path Selection:Construction of Legal Rules for the Reasonable Utilization of User Data on Network Platforms

作　　者：杨治[1,2] Yang Zhi

机构地区：[1]浙江省高级人民法院研究室 [2]香港城市大学法律学院,中国

出　　处：《数字法治》2024年第2期45-59,共15页DIGITAL LAW

摘　　要：数据已成为一种新型生产要素,促进数据有效共享流通是世界各国普遍关注的议题。纵观域外有关法律及政策,在依法保护的基础上,欧盟和美国均越来越强调对数据的合理利用。为解决当前场外黑市交易杂乱、数据不正当收集、数据爬虫技术不当利用以及场内市场数据交易不够活跃等问题,我国也有必要构建网络平台用户数据合理利用制度,在坚持用户同意原则、价值共享原则以及公平、合理、无歧视原则的基础上,从合约利用、法定许可利用、合理使用三个维度明确数据合理利用的范围。其中,合约利用充分尊重数据持有者与利用者之间的意思自治;法定许可利用则明确网上没有采取技术保护措施的公开数据,同类竞争者可共享数据,基于商业化目的进行科研的利用也可适用法定许可制度;而合理使用要总结司法实践中的智慧,从数据使用目的、对数据持有者的影响、利用数据的实际效果、利用数据的手段等因素进行考量,从而认定是否构成合理使用。Data has become a new type of production factor,and promoting the effective sha-ring and circulation of data has become a topic of general concern for countries around the world.Looking at the relevant laws and policies in extra-territorial areas,the European Union and the United States have increasingly emphasised the reasonable utilization of data on the basis of pro-tection in accordance with the law.In order to solve the current problems such as chaotic off-site black market transactions,improper collection of data,improper use of data crawler technology,and stagnant data transactions in the on-site market,it is necessary to build a system for the rea-sonable utilization of user data on network platforms.On the basis of the principles of user con-sent,value sharing and fairness,reasonableness and non-discrimination,the scope of reasonable utilization of data should be clarified in three dimensions,namely,contractual use,statutory license use and fair use.Contractual use fully respects the autonomy of data holders and utilisers;it is clear that for public data without technical protection measures on the Internet,competitors of the same kind may apply the statutory licensing system to share data,and the use of scientific re-search based on commercialisation purposes may also apply the statutory licensing system;when determining whether the use constitutes reasonable utilization,it sums up the wisdom of the judi-cial practice,and takes into account the purposes of the use of the data,the impact on the data holder,the actual effect of the use of the data,the means of using the data,and other factors are taken into consideration.

关 键 词：数据 平台用户 合理利用 法定许可 合理使用 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]