科学数据跨境流动治理的现状、思考与展望  

Current status and prospects for scientific data’s cross-border governance

作　　者：王珺[1] 周小林[1] 沈云怡 李子愚 任孝平 杨云[1] Jun Wang;Xiaolin Zhou;Yunyi Shen;Ziyu Li;Xiaoping Ren;Yun Yang(National Center for Science and Technology Evaluation,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]科技部科技评估中心,北京100081

出　　处：《科学通报》2024年第14期1846-1856,共11页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(L2124029);亚太经济合作组织(APEC)科技创新政策伙伴关系基金(PPSTI052023A)的资助。

摘　　要：伴随着数据密集型科学研究范式的兴起,科学数据已成为传播速度最快、影响面最宽、开发利用潜力最大的战略性、基础性科技资源,各国对科学数据的管理、共享和综合利用的需求与日俱增.在百年变局加速演进、大国科技博弈愈加激烈、开放科学持续推进以及我国加快构建具有全球竞争力的开放创新生态背景下,科学数据跨境流动逐步成为影响科学研究和学术交流的重要因素之一.With the rise of the fourth scientific research paradigm featuring Big Data and the need of international Science andTechnology (S&T) cooperation, scientific data has become as a significant component of fundamental S&T resources.Scientific data’s cross-border flow rules have also gradually become a key issue for S&T governance. As China acceleratesthe construction of an open innovation ecology and participates actively in open science, the demand for sharing,management, and comprehensive utilization of scientific data is also increasing. Therefore, mastering the rules of scientificdata’s cross-border flow is necessary and has a critical meaning in this context.This study first clarifies the scientific data’s definition and its cross-border flow’s main features, then analyzes theinstitutional construction of multilateral /international organizations, European Union and United States’ scientific datacross-border flow from two dimensions—passive cross-border flow formed by open and sharing, and active cross-borderflow formed by cross-border transmission. The multilateral governance system presents a multilevel and fragmentedfeature, while the governance system of the E.U. reveals a feature of “loose inside, strict outside”. Concurrently, thegovernance system of the U.S. restricts the free outflow but allows the free inflow of scientific data.Secondly, the research sorts out the history of China’s scientific opening and sharing data based on China’s Five-YearPlans. Then, it focuses on the institutional construction of scientific data’s cross-border transmission after the enaction ofChina’s “Three Key Laws on Data”, specifically Cyber Security Law, Data Security Law, and Personal InformationProtection Law. The research finds three primary ways with five routes available for scientific data to move cross-borderunder “Three Key Laws on Data”. They are: (1) scientific data’s free flow;(2) flow with conditions in which data exitsecurity assessment, personal information standard contract,

关 键 词：开放创新 开发利用潜力 科学数据 生态背景 影响面 传播速度 全球竞争力 学术交流 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济] TP311.13[自动化与计算机技术—计算机软件与理论]