微纳米塑料在典型日用塑料制品使用过程中的释放规律及机制  

Release patterns and mechanisms of micro and nanoplastics during the usage of typical daily-use plastic products

作　　者：宋一乐 赵雅婷 刘卓苗 王建军[1] 李欣雨 王昊[1] 岳同涛 代燕辉[1] 刘霞[1] 赵建[1,2] Yile Song;Yating Zhao;Zhuomiao Liu;Jianjun Wang;Xinyu Li;Hao Wang;Tongtao Yue;Yanhui Dai;Xia Liu;Jian Zhao(Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology,Ministry of Education,Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Laboratory for Manine Ecology and Envtronmental Science,Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学近海环境污染控制研究所,海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室,青岛266100 [2]青岛海洋科技中心海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,青岛266071

出　　处：《科学通报》2024年第13期1759-1776,共18页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金(U210620065);山东省“泰山学者”计划(tsqn201909051)资助。

摘　　要：塑料制品由于低廉和便利性,在生活中被广泛的应用.然而,塑料制品在日常使用过程中会产生并释放微纳米塑料(MNPs),可通过呼吸、无意摄入等方式进入人体,带来潜在的健康风险.因此,明确塑料制品在使用过程中MNPs的释放情况具有重要的现实意义.本文详细总结了“食品包装及容器”“母婴用品”“医疗及防护用品”“衣服与织物”以及“其他日用品”等5类典型日用塑料制品在各自主要使用场景下MNPs的释放情况.其中,“食品包装及容器”类塑料制品的研究最丰富,主要释放出聚丙烯材质的、颗粒状的MNPs,且约70%的MNPs粒径分布在0~100μm.进一步归纳了塑料制品在机械破碎、热降解和其他作用下(光/生物降解)的释放机制.其中,机械应力(如磨损、搅拌、洗涤等)导致塑料制品发生的机械破碎,以及温度的变化(高温或冷冻)是引发塑料制品释放MNPs的主要机制.此外,深入分析了影响塑料降解和释放的关键因素,发现机械应力强度的增强、温度的升高和降低、光照(紫外光)时间的延长、微波时间和强度的增加、使用时长和次数的增多以及接触物质的成分等均会促进MNPs的释放;同时,塑料的种类和结构也是影响MNPs释放的重要原因之一.随后,探讨了其他有机化合物(如,酚类、酯类、芳香族化合物)、重金属离子(如,砷、铬、铅离子)、金属纳米颗粒(如,铜纳米颗粒)等添加剂在MNPs产生过程中的释放情况.最后,对塑料制品的未来研究方向进行了建议和展望,为探明塑料制品对人体健康的影响提供了理论支持.Due to their low cost and high convenience,plastic products have become an indispensable part of our daily life,and are widely used in different fields,such as food packaging,clothing,medical,and household products.During consumption in daily life,the physical and chemical properties of plastic products inevitably change under external usage conditions,with the production and release of micro-and nano-plastics(MNPs).These MNPs have a high potential to enter human bodies and pose potential health risks.Therefore,it is of great importance to investigate the release patterns of MNPs from plastic products during their usage in daily life.Recent studies have confirmed the release of MNPs from plastic lunch boxes,disposable paper cups,feeding bottles,and other plastic products during everyday usage.However,the types,abundance,and release mechanisms of MNPs from plastic products are different,which need a comprehensive summary.In this review,the release patterns and related mechanism of MNPs from five types of plastic products including“food packaging and containers”,“maternal and infant products”,“medical and protective equipment”,“clothing and fabrics”,and“other daily necessities”were summarized and analyzed in their respective major use scenarios.Notably,the studies on the“food packaging and containers”plastic products have confirmed that the main type,shape,and size of the released MNPs are polypropylene,particle,and in the size range of 0−100μm,respectively.More importantly,the abundances of the released nanoplastics are 2−3 times higher than microplastics during the usage processes of plastic products.The release mechanisms of MNPs from plastic products under mechanical crushing,thermal degradation,and other effects(e.g.,photo-degradation and microbial degradation)were further summarized,in which mechanical crushing induced by mechanical stresses(e.g.,abrasion,agitation,and washing)and the thermal degradation induced by heating or freezing played the most important role in the release

关 键 词：塑料制品 微塑料 纳米塑料 聚丙烯 释放机制 添加剂 

分 类 号：TQ320.74[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]