钙钛矿太阳电池铅泄漏抑制及回收管理的研究进展  

Research progress in lead leakage suppression and recovery management of perovskite solar cells

作　　者：周鹏飞 罗怀清 陈伟伟 刘梦瑶 马俊杰[1] Pengfei Zhou;Huaiqing Luo;Weiwei Chen;Mengyao Liu;Junjie Ma(Henan Institute of Advanced Technology,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学河南先进技术研究院,郑州450003

出　　处：《科学通报》2024年第15期2042-2054,共13页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62104216)资助。

摘　　要：钙钛矿太阳电池具有优异的光电特性和低成本制备优势,受到广泛关注.然而商业化应用仍面临诸多挑战,例如结构组分分解问题和重金属铅的泄漏污染风险问题.有效防止器件在极端条件下的退化分解,发展可持续的铅回收技术是推动钙钛矿太阳电池迈向商业化应用的关键.本文首先围绕含铅降解产物的毒理学和不同环境因素影响铅析出与铅泄漏的机理进行了分析,随后介绍了近年来基于外部封装和化学吸附等多种控制铅泄漏的策略和最新研究进展,最后简要介绍了从受损的电池中回收铅,并实现循环利用的方法.Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)possess characteristics such as adjustable band gap,long carrier lifetime,small exciton binding energy,large absorbance coefficient and high defect tolerance.However,the photosensitive layer in perovskite contains heavy metal lead,which can be harmful to the ecological environment and living organisms.Due to its toxicity,perovskites may decompose into lead-containing compounds when exposed to environmental factors like moisture,high temperature,and intense light,leading to environmental pollution problems and hindering the commercialization process and market applications.Current research shows that solar cells made from alternative elements struggle to match the stability and efficiency of lead-based solar cells.To facilitate the commercialization and widespread adoption of high-performance perovskite solar cell devices,current research focuses on enhancing the stability of lead-based perovskite solar cells,increasing the inhibition rate of lead leakage in these devices,and implementing recycling and management strategies for lead-containing compounds.This review aims to elucidate the approaches for mitigating lead leakage from PSCs and the techniques for recycling and managing associated lead compounds.An analysis of the mechanism behind lead’s toxicity in living organisms was conducted initially.Lead’s toxicity arises from its competition with essential ions such as iron and zinc for binding sites,thereby disrupting the normal physiological functions of organisms.Specifically,in humans,lead predominantly impacts the nervous,digestive and hematopoietic systems.Comprehension of lead toxicity and its implications for organisms is paramount in curtailing lead leakage,as compounds containing lead from PSCs devices may accumulate and persist in the environment due to extreme environmental conditions.Subsequently,the review explores the mechanism of lead precipitation and leakage in lead-based perovskites,noting that lead precipitation in batteries is principally influenced by three en

关 键 词：钙钛矿太阳电池 铅泄漏 铅吸附 铅回收 

分 类 号：TM914.4[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]