碳点的研究进展及壳聚糖为原料的微波法制备  

Research progress of carbon dots and their preparation by the microwave method using chitosan as the raw material

作　　者：张岐 黄燕[2] 屈淑玉[3] 贾春满 杜金风[1] 张笑笑 史心喆 於婷 Qi Zhang;Yan Huang;Shuyu Qu;Chunman Jia;Jinfeng Du;Xiaoxiao Zhang;Xinzhe Shi;Ting Yu(Hainan Key Laboratory of Medicine and Food Homology,Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology,Haikou 571126,China;School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China;Hainan Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical Engineering,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南科技职业大学海南省药食同源重点实验室,海口571126 [2]江苏大学化学化工学院,镇江212013 [3]海南大学海南省精细化工重点实验室,海口570228

出　　处：《科学通报》2024年第15期2055-2071,共17页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21471069,22161017,21261008);海南省高等学校科学研究项目(Hnky2018-100)资助。

摘　　要：碳点(carbon dots,CDs)是一类具有显著特点的多功能新兴零维碳家族纳米材料,由于其优越的光学性能、良好的生物相容性、特有的表面功能化等,成为当今国际科技界研究热点之一.以生物质原料为前驱体制备CDs,因成本低廉、合成方法绿色环保,引起了广泛的关注.本文归纳了CDs领域的最新研究进展,包括采用不同的前驱体分子、掺杂杂原子元素、合成方法、合成条件及所制备CDs的性能特点与适宜的应用领域;简述了目前对CDs的分类、纳米结构和光电子机理等方面的认知;介绍了微波技术的特点及在制备CDs中的应用,根据已有的研究结果,阐明了微波法制备工艺可靠、方法简单易行;讨论了壳聚糖作为前驱体原料的优势所在:(1)壳聚糖(chitosan,CTS)由几丁质脱乙酰化获得,几丁质则来源于废弃虾蟹壳,属于第二大天然可再生资源;(2)与其他天然有机分子作为前驱体相比,CTS分子结构含氮和氧,可以用作单一含碳、氮、氧元素的分子原料.氮原子掺杂可显著改善CDs发光性质,氧掺杂有利于CDs界面湿润,增加相容性.本文强调了壳聚糖-微波法-碳点这一产业链模式化对应的原料丰富易得、制备工艺可靠、后处理操作简单易行的特性.最后,提出了面临的挑战与未来大规模应用的展望.Carbon dots(CDs)are a novel class of multifunctional,zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials with outstanding characteristics.Owing to their excellent optical properties,high biocompatibility,and unique surface functionalization,CDs have emerged as a focal point of research within the global scientific and technological community.The utilization of biomass raw materials as a precursor system material for preparing CDs has drawn significant attention due to the costeffectiveness and environmentally friendly synthesis of the materials.This review presents a comprehensive summary of the following six key aspects regarding CDs.(1)Synthesis Methods of CDs:This section presents a concise introduction to currently prevalent synthesis strategies for CDs,namely the“topdown”and“bottom-up”approaches.In addition,the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are briefly outlined.(2)Development Process and Applications of CDs:The evolution of CDs over the past two decades,their breakthroughs,and the latest development trends are briefly described.(3)Exploration of the Material Structure and Photoelectronic Mechanism of CDs:Drawing from existing research publications and literature review,this section collates the current understanding of the structural classification and photoelectronic functionality of CDs.It is deduced that the structure and properties of the products are decisively affected by various factors,such as precursor materials,incorporation of heteroatomic elements,and preparation methods,and conditions.While underscoring general synthesis principles,this section also raises questions and challenges that warrant further exploration.(4)Microwave Assisted Chemical Reaction Characteristics:Given the diverse application landscape of CDs,a large-scale preparation method is imperative.This section introduces microwave technology and its process characteristics.It posits that the microwave-based preparation process is reliable,with straightforward post-treatment steps,making it suitable for the scalable product

关 键 词：碳点 结构与荧光 掺杂改性 微波技术 壳聚糖 

分 类 号：TQ127.11[化学工程—无机化工] TB383.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]