马克思主义文化领导权与资本主义意识形态控制的实质论析——兼评“西方马克思主义”的误区及其危害  

On Marxist Cultural Leadership and Capitalist Ideological Control

作　　者：孙夺 Sun Duo

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学中华民族共同体研究中心

出　　处：《毛泽东邓小平理论研究》2024年第3期73-87,F0003,共16页Studies on Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping Theories

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大专项项目“铸牢中华民族共同体意识视域下北部边疆安全建设机制研究”(22VMZ013)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：1970年代以来,借助葛兰西的文本,众多“西方马克思主义”思想家对文化领导权与资本主义意识形态控制问题进行了广泛讨论。这一命题实际上是由列宁在20世纪初提出来的。在列宁那里,自发性、领导权、先锋队等问题构成了一个完整的理论框架,从理论上论证了以伯恩施坦为代表的民主社会主义必然内化于资本主义体制的历史结局。葛兰西总体上坚持了列宁主义的政治战略,强调由于西方市民社会的“牢固防线”,欧洲革命需要比俄国十月革命更加注重持久的阵地战,更加重视发挥无产阶级阶级意志和政治组织的作用。然而,“西方马克思主义”总体上不是按照马克思列宁主义,而是按照伯恩施坦主义的理论框架处理葛兰西文本,将伯恩施坦式的回避阶级议题的改良主义从议会选举转移到市民社会,转移到女权、种族、性少数人群、环保等领域。The Misconceptions of“Western Marxism”and Its Harms:Since the 1970s,with the help of Gramsci's text,many“Western Marxist”thinkers have widely discussed the issue of cultural leadership and capitalist ideological control.This proposition was actually put forward by Lenin at the beginning of the 2oth century.In Lenin's case,the issues of spontaneity,leadership,and vanguard constituted a complete theoretical framework which theoretically demonstrated the historical end that democratic socialism represented by Bernstein must be internalized in the capitalist system.Gramsci generally adhered to the Leninist political strategy,stressing that the success of the European revolutions would require more emphasis than in the Russian October Revolution on protracted positional warfare and on the role of the proletarian's class will and political organization,owing to the“solid defenses”Western civil society.However,“Western Marxism”in general deals with Gramsci's texts in accordance to Bernstein's theoretical framework rather than Marxism-Leninism.The school extends the Bernsteinian reformism that shuns class issues from parliamentary elections to civil society,women's rights,race,sexual minorities,and environmental protection.

关 键 词：公共关系产业 意识形态控制 文化领导权 伯恩施坦主义 西方马克思主义 

分 类 号：A82[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]