拉沙热的流行病学、临床特征、诊断与防控  

Lassa fever:Epidemiology,clinical features,diagnosis and prevention

作　　者：熊朝瑞 侯炜[1] XIONG Chaorui;HOU Wei(State Key Laboratory of Virology&Taikang Medical School(School of Basic Medical Sciences),Wuhan University,Wuhan 430071,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]病毒学国家重点实验室/武汉大学泰康医学院(基础医学院),湖北武汉430071

出　　处：《武汉大学学报（医学版）》2024年第5期619-624,共6页Medical Journal of Wuhan University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金(编号:U20A20396)。

摘　　要：拉沙热(LF)是由拉沙病毒(LASV)引起的一种急性人畜共患病。拉沙病毒分离于1970年耶鲁医学院中一位来自尼日利亚东北部博尔诺州拉沙镇感染不明原因发热疾病的护士而得名,是一种高致病性病毒,被归类为生物安全4级病原体。拉沙热主要流行在几内亚、利比里亚、尼日利亚和塞拉利昂等西非国家。最近几年,拉沙病毒的流行范围在逐渐增加,美国、加拿大、英国、瑞典和德国等也报道了拉沙热病例,引起了人们的广泛关注。拉沙热主要临床表现为弥漫性血管内凝血、广泛的黏膜出血、多器官衰竭和休克,但发病早期症状与其他病毒性出血热相似,给患者的及时诊断与治疗带来巨大挑战。本综述旨在对拉沙病毒的病原学、流行病学以及病毒的诊断和防控措施进行介绍,为积极应对国内可能出现拉沙病毒的流行提供帮助。Lassa fever(LF)is an acute zoonotic disease caused by the Lassa virus(LASV).The virus was first isolated in 1970 from a nurse in Lassa town,Borno State,northeastern Nigeria,who presented with an undiagnosed febrile illness at Yale School of Medicine.LASV is a highly pathogenic virus classified as a biosafety level 4 pathogen.Lassa fever primarily affects western African countries such as Guinea,Liberia,Nigeria,and Sierra Leone.However,there has been a progressive expansion in the geographic range of LASV in recent years,with reported cases of Lassa fever emerging in countries including the United States,Canada,the United Kingdom,Sweden,and Germany,which has garnered significant attention.Clinical manifestations of Lassa fever encompass disseminated intravascular coagulation,extensive mucosal bleeding,multi-organ failure,and shock.Nonetheless,early symptoms closely resemble those of other viral hemorrhagic fevers,thereby presenting substantial challenges for prompt diagnosis and treatment.This review aims to provide an introduction to the pathogenesis and epidemiology of the Lassa virus,as well as the diagnosis of the virus and preventive and control measures,to provide an active response to potential outbreaks of the Lassa virus in China.

关 键 词：拉沙热 拉沙病毒 沙粒病毒 人畜共患病 

分 类 号：R373.9[医药卫生—病原生物学]