介质生物膜技术的历史、现状与未来  

History,Status and Future of Carrier Biofilm Technologies

作　　者：郝晓地[1] 闫颖颖 吴道琦 吴远远 HAO Xiao-di;YAN Ying-ying;WU Dao-qi;WU Yuan-yuan(Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies,Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学城市雨水系统与水环境教育部重点实验室中-荷未来污水处理技术研发中心,北京100044

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2024年第10期9-14,共6页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52170018)。

摘　　要：在污水处理厂提标改造的驱动下,亟需开发因用地受限的原位改造技术。在此方面,颗粒生物膜(好氧颗粒污泥)突显优势。然而,颗粒生物膜技术工艺条件较为严格,颗粒形成不易、颗粒保持更难。另一种形式的生物膜——介质生物膜则因工艺条件简单、生物膜易形成且不易脱落或破碎而受到关注。纵观介质生物膜工艺的发展历程,这种最古老的污水处理形式如果能与时俱进则可能重现新的生命力,其作用与颗粒污泥相当。介质生物膜载体应继续向微细化方向发展,但应选择或合成密度略高于水的有机耐降解材料。介质微细化可使生物膜量大幅增加,无需絮状污泥再行参与,完全可借助沉淀而淘汰絮状污泥,形成以生物膜为核心的单污泥工艺。介质微细化后,介质生物膜易动态悬浮或循环,可形成间歇式或连续式同步脱氮除磷工艺。在此方面,介质生物膜的效果与颗粒污泥相同,且更容易形成生物膜并维持其稳定。Driven by upgrading of wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs),the onsite upgrading technologies are very necessary because of limited spaces.Therefore,granular biofilm(aerobic granular sludge,AGS) have been developed with advantages.However,granular biofilm technologies have strict requirements on process design,and it is difficult to form particles and maintain them.Conversely,another form of biofilm,the carrier biofilm,seems to be simple in process design,easy to form membrane,and it is stable in biofilm fragmentation/detachment.Throughout the whole development process of carrier biofilm,if the oldest form of wastewater treatment would keep pace with the times and play the role of AGS,it will have new vitality.Carrier biofilm should be developed in the direction of micronization.But it is necessary to select and/or synthesize bio-stable materials with a densities slightly higher than that of water.Carrier micronization could help the growth of biofilm,and flocculent sludge can be eliminated by precipitation without further participation,forming a single sludge process with biofilm.It is easy for the biofilm to be suspended or circulated dynamically after the medium is micronized,which can form batch(SBR) or continuous simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal process.In this way,carrier biofilm is actually equivalent to granular sludge,and it is even more convenient for the treatment than granular sludge in terms of biofilm formation and maintenance.

关 键 词：介质生物膜 介质微细化 介质密度 介质材料 单污泥系统 颗粒污泥 

分 类 号：TU992[建筑科学—市政工程]