锑污染土壤修复技术研究进展与发展趋势  

Research Progress and Development Trend of Antimony Contaminated Soil Remediation Technology

作　　者：郑鹏 崔兴兰[1,2,3,4,5] 李红霞 车小奎 史新悦 王雷[1,2,4,5] 郑其 Zheng Peng;Cui Xinglan;Li Hongxia;Che Xiaokui;Shi Xinyue;Wang Lei;Zheng Qi(National Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Metallurgy in Producing Premium Non-Ferrous Metals,China GRINM Group Corp.,Ltd.,Beijing 101407,China.;GRINM Resources and Environment Tech.Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 101407,China.;General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals,Beijing 100088,China.;Beijing Engineering Research Center of Strategic Nonferrous Metals Green Manufacturing Technology,Beijing 101407,China.;GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 101407,China.)

机构地区：[1]中国有研科技集团有限公司高品质有色金属绿色特种冶金国家工程研究中心,北京101407 [2]有研资源环境技术研究院(北京)有限公司,北京101407 [3]北京有色金属研究总院,北京100088 [4]战略性有色金属绿色制造技术北京市工程研究中心,北京101407 [5]有研工程技术研究院有限公司,北京101407

出　　处：《稀有金属》2024年第3期411-426,共16页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上基金项目(52274272);国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1807702);广西科技计划项目广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB22080078)资助。

摘　　要：锑是一种具有潜在毒性和致癌性的元素,采矿和金属冶炼等人类活动导致锑被大量的释放,造成严重的环境污染,威胁人类健康,引起各国学者的广泛关注。对国内外锑污染的现状和锑在大气、水和土壤环境中分布特征进行了介绍;归纳了锑在迁移转化过程中形态、氧化还原过程、吸附和沉淀规律;并总结了翻土和客土法、土壤淋洗技术、固定/稳定化技术、植物修复技术和微生物修复技术目前的研究进展;在此基础上对各种土壤修复技术的优缺点和应用场景进行比较分析,并对锑污染土壤修复技术未来发展趋势进行展望。相比而言,土壤淋洗技术和固定/稳定化技术已经有较成熟的应用,而植物修复技术和微生物修复技术具有绿色、低成本的特点,能够广泛地同其他修复技术联合使用,已逐渐成为目前的研究重点。Antimony is a toxic metallic element and an important strategic resource,that is widely used with flame retardants and lead battery industries.The main large-scale antimony in the world is distributed in the Pacific Rim continental shell,and China ranks first in both antimony deposit reserves and antimony deposit output.Antimony mining and antimony smelting are the main sources of antimony pollution.During high temperature combustion of antimony-containing fuels,antimony is released into the air in the form of soluble and exchangeable state in particulate matter.Mining and smelting activities discharge a large amount of antimony-containing wastewater into the river.At the same time,the soil around the antimony mining area is seriously polluted.In China,antimony ore deposit is mainly distributed in Hunan,Guizhou,Yunnan,Guangxi and other provinces,and the degree of antimony contamination in soil decreases gradually from southwest to northeast.Antimony mainly exists in the soil in the form of inorganic substances of antimony trivalent and antimony pentavalent.The oxidation state of antimony in soil depends on pH and redox potential.Under oxidation conditions,the antimony usually exists in the form of Sb(OH)6-at pH ranging from 2.7 to 12.In reducing conditions,the antimony usually exists in the form of Sb(OH)3at pH ranging from 2 to 10.7.The redox process of antimony is related to the oxides,hydroxides,organic matter and microorganisms in soil.Fe(Ⅲ)and Mn(Ⅲ/Ⅳ)in soil can effectively oxidize Sb(Ⅲ)to Sb(Ⅴ).Natural organic matter as electron donor can directly oxidize Sb(Ⅲ)to Sb(Ⅴ)by producing reactive oxygen species and semiquinone radical.Adsorption/desorption and dissolution/precipitation are the main controlling processes of antimony migration in soil.Clay minerals in soil can reduce the migration of antimony by adsorption.In addition,stibnite(Sb2S3),senarmontite(Sb2O3),and antimony oxide(Sb2O_(4))in the environmental are released under the influence of light,pH,dissolved oxygen,and soil organic matter

关 键 词：锑 迁移转化 土壤污染 修复技术 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]