铱及铱合金涂层的研究现状与展望  

Research Status and Prospects of Ir and Ir-Alloy Coatings

作　　者：方镇 王鑫[2] 张毅勇 王浩旭 金国[1] 胡振峰 Fang Zhen;Wang Xin;Zhang Yiyong;Wang Haoxu;Jin Guo;Hu Zhenfeng(School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China;Defense Innovation Institute,Academy of Military Science PLA,Beijing 100071,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学材料科学与化学工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [2]军事科学院国防科技创新研究院,北京100071

出　　处：《稀有金属》2024年第4期575-594,共20页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52175163)资助。

摘　　要：铱(Ir)是一种超高温抗氧化材料,其不但熔点高、硬度大,而且在高温下具有极强的稳定性和极低的氧渗透率。所以,Ir涂层被广泛地应用于碳基材料与难熔金属的高温防护方向,在航天领域的应用前景十分广阔。首先介绍了Ir涂层的多种制备技术,对其中的几种重点制备技术进行了详细介绍,论述了不同制备技术的优缺点,介绍了制备技术的组合以及改进方式。并且对不同制备技术和不同制备条件下所制得Ir涂层的晶体微观结构进行了介绍,并论述了微观结构对涂层性能方面的影响,包括涂层的力学性能以及抗氧化性能等,最后总结了微观结构对涂层性能的影响规律。由于纯Ir涂层存在不足之处,介绍了应用表面合金化制备出的Ir合金涂层,并重点介绍了Ir-Al,Ir-Hf,Ir-Hf-Al和Ir-Hf-Zr等合金体系的性能和规律,探讨了未来多元Ir合金涂层的应用发展趋势。最后,对Ir及Ir合金涂层的研究进行了展望。At first,Tanant found iridium when separating platinum.The iridium has the melting point as high as 2440℃with excellent corrosion resistance and extremely low high temperature oxygen permeability,and cannot react with carbon even in the high temperature of 2280℃.The iridium possesses a very high application rate in the field of high-temperature protective coatings,especially as the temperature exceeds 1800℃.Therefore,Ir is considered to be one of the most promising high temperature oxidation resistant protective materials.The Ir is widely used as a protective coating for high-temperature structural components,such as satellites,liquid rocket engines,leading edges and nose of hypersonic aircraft.There are many kinds of preparation techniques for Ir coatings,including frequently-used chemical vapor deposition(CVD),metalorganic chemical vapor deposition(MOCVD),double glow plasma(DGP)and electrodeposition(ED),as well as less-applied radio frequency magnetron sputtering(RFMS),ion beam assisted deposition(IBAD),pulsed laser deposition(PLD),laser-induced chemical vapour decomposition(LCVD)and atomic layer deposition(ALD),with advantages and disadvantages.For example,CVD method is simple to operate,but the precursor of reactant is toxic.The coating prepared by MOCVD is smooth,but the preparation process is too cumbersome.Thus,the new concept of composite preparation technology is introduced,which can complement each other's strengths in different preparation technologies and make multilayer coatings with better performance to meet the higher demand for Ir coatings in the future.In the present work,the microstructure of Ir coating was introduced in detail.First,the crystal orientation of Ir coating was introduced.The orientation of coatings prepared by different preparation technologies was different.For body centered cubic metals,the coatings formed by MOCVD,PVD and ED showed<111>orientation.However,the orientation of Ir coating formed by direct current radio frequency magnetron sputtering(DCMS),RFMS and MOCVD was(

关 键 词：铱 铱合金 涂层 熔盐电沉积 

分 类 号：TG146.34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]